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< Back When art comes to town: The murals that cover African cities This article explores the rise of murals in African cities, their ancient history, and their contemporary role. From Johannesburg to Cairo, these works of art transform urban landscapes, tell cultural stories, and address social and political issues. Casablanca and Cotonou feature murals depicting history and national pride, while Johannesburg and Cairo display tributes to Mandela and powerful messages of tolerance. El Seed in Manshiyat Naser, Cairo, symbolizes change and unity within a marginalized community. These murals become cultural pillars and means of expression, promoting tourism and community unity. From the vibrant streets of Johannesburg to the colorful alleyways of Cairo, African cities are being transformed by murals. These large-scale works of art are adorning buildings, walls, and bridges, bringing life and color to urban spaces. Murals in African cities serve a variety of purposes. One of the reasons why murals are so popular is that they are a relatively inexpensive way to add beauty and vibrancy to urban areas. They are used to raise awareness of social and political issues, while others celebrate local culture and heritage. Whatever their purpose, murals are having a profound impact on African cities. They are attracting tourists, boosting local economies, and creating a sense of community pride. Murals have a long and rich history in Africa, dating back to ancient times. Some of the earliest known murals in Africa can be found in the tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs. Murals were also used by other African cultures to tell stories, celebrate religious beliefs, and document important events. For example, the Dogon people of Mali used murals to tell the story of their creation myth. The murals depict the journey of the Dogon people from their celestial home to Earth. The murals of the Ndebele people of South Africa are another example of the long tradition of mural painting in Africa. Ndebele murals are known for their bold colors and geometric patterns. They are used to decorate homes and other buildings, and they also have a spiritual significance. In the 20th and 21st centuries, murals have taken on a new significance in Africa. They are now being used to address important social and political issues, such as poverty, inequality, and HIV/AIDS. Murals are also being used to celebrate African culture and heritage. Casablanca, Morocco Casablanca has become a vibrant open-air art gallery, with murals covering the walls of buildings all over the city. From the bustling streets of Burgundy to the winding alleyways of the old medina, these murals tell stories, celebrate culture, and inspire passersby. Each mural is a unique work of art, reflecting the diversity and creativity of Casablanca's people. Some murals are abstract, with bold colors and geometric patterns. Others are figurative, depicting portraits, landscapes, and scenes from everyday life. One particularly striking mural can be found on Burgundy Street. It features portraits of the Moroccan national football team, who recently achieved a historic feat by reaching the semi-finals of the FIFA World Cup in Qatar. The mural captures the excitement and pride of the Moroccan people, and it has become a popular tourist attraction. Casablanca's murals are more than just works of art. They are also a source of pride and inspiration for the city's residents. They transform urban spaces, making them more colorful and inviting. They also serve as a platform for artists to express themselves and to share their stories with the world. Cotonou, Benin The mural in Cotonou, Benin is a truly impressive feat of art and engineering. It is the largest fresco in the world, measuring 1,300 meters long and 10 meters high. The mural was created by a collective of 27 artists from 13 different countries, and it took them over a year to complete. The mural is located in the port of Cotonou, which is one of the busiest ports in West Africa. The mural depicts a variety of scenes from Benin's history and culture. There are images of traditional dances, ceremonies, and everyday life. The mural also features portraits of some of Benin's most famous historical figures, such as King Ghézo and Queen Hangbé. The mural is more than just a work of art. It is also a symbol of Benin's growing cultural and economic importance. The mural has been well-received by the people of Benin. Many people see the mural as a symbol of national pride. The mural has also attracted tourists from all over the world. The Nelson Mandela mural by Shepard Fairey in Johannesburg, South Africa The Nelson Mandela mural by Shepard Fairey is a 10-storey, 2,174 square feet (202.0 m2) public artwork on Juta Street in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, created by Shepard Fairey and completed in September 2014. It pays tribute to Nelson Mandela and the 25th anniversary of the Purple Rain Protest. The mural is based on Fairey's iconic "Hope" poster, which was created for Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. The mural depicts Mandela in a close-up portrait, with his signature bright white smile and piercing blue eyes. The mural is painted in a bold, colorful style, with shades of red, orange, yellow, and blue. The mural is located in a prominent location in Braamfontein, a vibrant and diverse neighborhood in Johannesburg. It is a popular tourist attraction, and it is also a source of pride for the local community. The mural is a reminder of Mandela's legacy and his fight for equality and justice. Perception" mural by El Seed in Cairo Cairo is another African city that is home to a vibrant mural scene. One of the most popular murals in Cairo is The Calligraffiti Mural of Garbage City. EL Seed, a French-Tunisian street artist, created a stunning calligraffiti mural in the Manshiyat Naser suburb of Cairo. The mural covers the sides of more than 40 buildings and features a quote from a Coptic Christian bishop: "Anyone who wants to see the sunlight clearly needs to wipe his eye first." The mural is located in a very poor neighborhood, and eL Seed had to work with limited resources. He also had to overcome the stigma that is often attached to Manshiyat Naser. Despite the challenges, eL Seed was able to create a beautiful and inspiring mural that has made a positive impact on the Manshiyat Naser community. The mural is a powerful reminder that we should not judge others too quickly, and that we should always strive to see the best in people and places. Manshiyat Naser is a neighborhood that is often overlooked and stigmatized, but eL Seed's mural is helping to change that. The mural has had a positive impact on the Manshiyat Naser community. It has helped to raise awareness of the neighborhood and its people, and it has also inspired a sense of pride and community spirit. Previous Next

Casablanca, is the largest city in Morocco and the country's economic and business center. Located on the Atlantic coast of the Chaouia plain in the central-western part of Morocco, the city has a population of about 3.71 million in the urban area, and over 4.27 million in the Greater Casablanca, making it the most populous city in the Maghreb region, and the eighth-largest in the Arab world. This series presents some iconic sites of the city and its urban atmosphere. Casablanca-Morocco Casablanca, is the largest city in Morocco and the country's economic and business center. Located on the Atlantic coast of the Chaouia plain in the central-western part of Morocco, the city has a population of about 3.71 million in the urban area, and over 4.27 million in the Greater Casablanca, making it the most populous city in the Maghreb region, and the eighth-largest in the Arab world. This series presents some iconic sites of the city and its urban atmosphere.

The city of Bafoussam is located in the western region of Cameroon on the Bamileke plateau at 1420 m altitude. Considered one of the fastest growing emerging metropolises in Cameroon, it is growing rapidly with a population of around 450,000 in 2023. This series presents some snapshots of this city with an urban landscape that draws picturesque and colorful. Bafoussam-Cameroon The city of Bafoussam is located in the western region of Cameroon on the Bamileke plateau at 1420 m altitude. Considered one of the fastest growing emerging metropolises in Cameroon, it is growing rapidly with a population of around 450,000 in 2023. This series presents some snapshots of this city with an urban landscape that draws picturesque and colorful.

< Back Bakel et Kaédi: Des villes intermédiaires en première ligne des enjeux du développement urbain Léo BRENET L’urbanisation rapide du continent africain, la plus soutenue à l’échelle mondiale, a favorisé l’émergence de nombreux pôles urbains secondaires. En Afrique de l’Ouest, la macrocéphalie des systèmes urbains d’une grande majorité de pays renforce la position dominante des capitales, qui concentrent la plupart des investissements à l’échelle nationale (et donc des infrastructures). Dans la recherche d’un meilleur équilibre territorial, social et économique, les pôles urbains intermédiaires ont un rôle crucial à jouer aussi bien en termes d’accès aux services de base que de développement économique, Ils peuvent en effet aspirer à devenir de véritables locomotives valorisant la complémentarité rural-urbain, l’émancipation de la jeunesse et les innovations nécessaires pour la transition écologique. Bakel et Kaédi – communes riveraines du fleuve Sénégal - font partie des villes intermédiaires situées à l’interface entre les lointaines capitales et les espaces ruraux. Leurs fonctions urbaines, déjà sous pression, doivent absorber une croissance démographique importante (environ 4% par an) et s’adapter rapidement aux effets des aléas climatiques, alors même que les ressources humaines et financières locales ne suffisent pas à satisfaire, tant s’en faut, les besoins actuels. Les portraits de territoire de Kaédi et Bakel reviennent sur l'émergence de ces deux agglomérations et analysent les défis à relever dans ces territoires. Ils nécessiteront la définition d’un nouveau système de planification des investissements (construire la ville sur la ville), d'une meilleure prise en compte des parties prenantes et l'utilisation de nouveaux outils de compréhension de la ville. La croissance de Bakel et Kaedi reflète les schémas migratoires induits par les changements économiques et l’urbanisation induite par la sécheresse Etalement urbain spontané de la ville de Kaédi, 2024 par Léo BRENET - Grdr Les développements des villes de Bakel et de Kaédi sont le reflet d’une histoire migratoire intense dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal. Portée par une production arachidière et de gomme arabique importante jusqu’au XIXème siècle, le dynamisme économique de la vallée a favorisé le développement de quartiers commerçants dans les principales villes riveraines. Le déclin économique de la région à partir du XXème siècle, de l’instauration d’un impôt colonial ainsi que les deux guerres mondiales ont successivement provoqué des vagues d’émigration de la région vers les autres pôles de production nationaux puis internationaux. Les sécheresses des années 70 ont accéléré l’urbanisation des pôles urbains riverains existants et la création de nouvelles localités, conséquence de la sédentarisation des nomades, l’accentuation des mobilités urbains/rural et, dans une moindre mesure, un exode des populations rurales limitrophes. Ces nouveaux citadins, temporaires et permanents, s’installèrent pour la plupart dans les plaines inondables asséchées, en lisière de ville. Ces zones urbanisées sont, depuis le retour d’une pluviométrie « normale », régulièrement inondées. Aussi, les répercussions politiques et sociales des évènements de 89 entre la Mauritanie et le Sénégal sur les régimes fonciers des terres de la vallée du fleuve ont, depuis l’apaisement des tensions diplomatiques entre les deux Etats et le retour des populations déplacées, rendu délicate la gestion foncière dans ces territoires. Enfin, depuis une dizaine d’années, la croissance démographique exerce une pression sur l’urbanisation des villes, densifiant les centres urbains et étirant les limites des agglomérations. C’est dans ce contexte que les acteurs des villes de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal tentent d’apporter des réponses aux défis de la planification urbaine. Les budgets municipaux (environ 1 million d’euros pour Kaédi et 300 000 euros pour Bakel) se limitant essentiellement au financement des dépenses de fonctionnement, les capacités d’investissement des villes sont extrêmement faibles et ne permettent pas de supporter et d’absorber une croissance continue et relativement importante de la population. Aussi et surtout, les communes ne disposent pas de moyens suffisants pour pérenniser les investissements extérieurs. Ce cadre n’est donc pas favorable au développement économique des villes de Bakel et Kaédi, dont le marché, très concurrentiel, peine à se diversifier. Jeune Bakeloise étudiant sur le toit de sa maison, 2024 par Léo BRENET Dans un tel contexte, la mise en place de nouveaux outils de planification, adaptés à des territoires en constante évolution, semble être une priorité. La pénétration du numérique, dont l’utilisation permet des économies d’échelle - qui se cumulent aux opportunités d’économies d’agglomération que génère la croissance urbaine -, ainsi qu’une grande autonomie et d’importantes capacités de suivi et d’analyse est une opportunité à saisir pour compenser les faibles ressources humaines et financières dont disposent les élus locaux. La croissance démographique entraîne une densification urbaine et une expansion périphérique, avec une dynamique foncière spéculative La croissance démographique des villes de Bakel et de Kaédi, d’environ 4% par an, se traduit par deux phénomènes spatiaux : Une densification des centres urbains, par la démultiplication des constructions à l’intérieur des concessions familiales, conséquence de la croissance naturelle de la population de la ville Un étalement urbain en périphérie, spontané ou planifié, conséquence du départ progressif des nouvelles générations quittant les concessions familiales saturées du centre-ville et de l’arrivée de nouveaux habitants, originaires principalement des zones rurales limitrophes ou des villes alentours. Ces espaces périphériques, peu considérés par les politiques locales d’aménagement, sont également investis par des particuliers profitant d’une coexistence de droits fonciers « coutumiers » et « modernes » pour mettre en place des dynamiques opportunistes et spéculatives sur le foncier. La construction en béton remplace l'architecture traditionnelle en adobe, mais pose des défis Densification du centre de Kaédi, 2022 par Hermann DJANNI - Grdr Traditionnellement construites en « banco » (adobe), l’architecture bâtie de ces villes évolue également. Les constructions en béton remplacent progressivement l’habitat en matériaux locaux pour lequel les méthodes de construction n’ont pas toujours été adaptées aux contraintes qu’imposent une urbanisation non planifiée (exposition accrue aux risques d’inondation notamment, avec l’urbanisation des sites de prélèvement des argiles). En investissant massivement dans la construction en béton, l’influente diaspora constitue également un acteur éminent de la filière dans ces territoires. Elle dicte les modes architecturales, reprises ensuite par les familles résidentes. L’usage de nouveaux matériaux et l’importation de nouvelles pratiques constructives ont permis d’élever la hauteur des bâtiments, et donc de densifier les centres-villes. Plus résistant à l’eau, le béton s’est également rapidement imposé comme principal facteur de résistance face aux inondations, notamment dans les quartiers historiquement construits dans des zones inondables, dont les augmentations en fréquence et en intensité semblent être des conséquences probables du réchauffement climatique au Sahel. Toutefois, si le béton est presque unanimement reconnu localement comme un matériau d’avenir, son utilisation ne se fait pas sans concession sur la qualité de vie dans ces villes sahéliennes. Très mauvais régulateur thermique, les murs en béton régulièrement soumis à de fortes températures restituent la nuit la chaleur accumulée en journée à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du bâtiment, contribuant au développement d’ilots de chaleur urbain (favorisé par la densification du tissu urbain), et à l’intérieur de l’habitat. La végétation urbaine qui pourrait atténuer les effets d’ilot de chaleur se raréfie également à mesure que les interstices urbains se bâtissent. Le confort thermique de l’habitat y devient progressivement dépendant de l’usage de systèmes de climatisation, très coûteux et énergivores, quand bien même l’accès à l’électricité peine à suivre le seul rythme de la croissance urbaine et des besoins naturels qui en résultent. En somme, alors que la population de ces villes va doubler d’ici vingt ans, comment assurer un accès décent à un habitat digne et de qualité ainsi qu’aux services essentiels pour les résidents d’aujourd’hui et de demain ? Les réseaux d'électricité et d'eau existants peinent à répondre à la demande croissante à Bakel et Kaedi Les réseaux électriques et d’adduction en eau existants ne suffisent plus à répondre à la demande croissante. A Bakel et à Kaédi, la densification de certains quartiers centraux n’a pas été conjointement soutenue par le redimensionnement des réseaux existants. En périphérie, l’expansion urbaine spontanée n’est que rarement suivie d’une extension des réseaux vers ces nouveaux quartiers, limitant ainsi l’accès à ces services essentiels pour les ménages y résidant. C’est ainsi que dans certaines zones périphériques de Bakel et Kaédi, environ 30% des ménages ne sont pas raccordés au réseau électrique urbain et presque 50% sont exclus des réseaux d’adduction en eau. Les Kaédiens célèbrent la victoire du Sénégal à la CAN 2022, par Simon NANCY 2022, En Haut ! Dans les quartiers centraux, la sollicitation accrue des réseaux engendre des problèmes de pression et de coupures de plus en plus fréquents. L’utilisation de sources d’énergie alternatives, comme le solaire, sont embryonnaires et sont essentiellement utilisées comme source d’appoint. Enfin, si les infrastructures scolaires et sanitaires des deux villes ont une aire d’attraction dépassant les limites communales, témoignant du rôle crucial que joue ces villes sur l’équilibre territorial en matière d’accès aux services de base, la demande croissante d’accès à ces services se traduit localement par une saturation des établissements scolaires et des hôpitaux. L’implication des habitants et l’économie informelle façonnent le tissu urbain de Bakel et Kaedi Le déploiement de ces villes repose sur implication forte des résidents et des usagers (allochtones, migrants, usagers des services urbains …) dans la fabrique urbaine. Ainsi, l’espace urbain est utilisé pour répondre à des besoins opportunistes et pragmatiques, et ses usages sont en perpétuelle négociation. Aussi, le système économique et les usages de ces villes est essentiellement informel et échappe ainsi à la planification urbaine. Pourtant, intégrer cette spécificité aux réflexions sur la fabrique urbaine est crucial pour comprendre ces mécanismes dans toute leur complexité. L’informalité des activités et donc des usages de l’espace rend ces territoires imprévisibles, en perpétuelle évolution, et difficilement planifiables en mobilisant les outils classiques, de surcroit lorsque les ressources humaines et financières locales ne permettent pas de les actualiser de manière continue. Activités sportives à Kaédi, 2022, par Léo BRENET - Grdr La révolution numérique du continent, et notamment de l’Internet mobile, représente une opportunité pour développer de nouveaux outils de planification qui pourraient répondre efficacement aux besoins, nombreux, et aux ressources, limitées, de ces pôles urbains intermédiaires. Le numérique offre de nouvelles perspectives de développement en matière de compréhension des dynamiques urbaines, de gestion communale, de développement économique et de réduction des inégalités d’accès aux services administratifs et parfois même aux infrastructures éducatives. Dans des territoires portés par une jeunesse nombreuse – les moins de 25 ans représentent plus de 60% de la population à Bakel et à Kaédi -, les réseaux sociaux, en première ligne, ont permis l’émergence de filières de e-commerce, et représentent des canaux de discussion, de débats et de sources d’information de plus en plus mobilisés. Le numérique offre ainsi de nouvelles perspectives économiques pour des villes où les forces vives, peu qualifiées, sont contraintes de se partager un marché économique peu diversifié, très concurrentiel et peu attractif, reposant principalement sur le commerce, l’artisanat, l’agriculture et les petits métiers de mains d’œuvre. Enfin, les outils numériques s’immiscent progressivement dans la planification territoriale et se positionnent comme des outils efficaces pour venir combler les carences en ressources humaines et financières des collectivités locales La commune de Kaédi a été à ce titre équipée d’un outil numérique d’adressage et de recensement des locaux commerciaux de la ville afin de prélever un impôt local sur les activités économiques qui permettra, à termes, d’améliorer ses recettes fiscales. Les profils territoriaux de Kaedi et Bakel offrent une analyse complète des défis et des opportunités urbaines Les portraits de territoire de Kaédi et de Bakel sont l’aboutissement d’une production de connaissances s’appuyant sur l’analyse des ressources bibliographiques existantes, d’enquêtes quantitatives et qualitatives et de diagnostics participatifs avec les usagers des territoires. Les différents outils mobilisés (cartographie, photographie) assurent au lecteur une vision complète et complémentaire des différents enjeux de ces deux villes intermédiaires. Réseau d’éclairage public à Kaédi, 2022 par Léo BRENET - Grdr Ces ouvrages définissent les défis que soulèvent la croissance démographique et le changement climatique sur l’urbanisation et la planification des villes, tant en termes d’accès aux services essentiels que sur le degré d’urbanité et d’épanouissement des populations, rendent compte des difficultés à surmonter par les acteurs locaux dans la gestion de leur territoire et examinent les opportunités à saisir qui garantiront un développement urbain durable de ces territoires et qui nécessiteront le déploiement de nouveaux modèles de planification ainsi qu’un changement de paradigme sur la fabrique urbaine. En filigrane, ces études questionnent également les enjeux de gestion d’une ressource partagée, le fleuve Sénégal, trait d’union de ces territoires, face à une multiplication de ses usages et une augmentation des besoins (consommation, production électrique, agriculture) et dont la disponibilité sera arbitrée par les effets du réchauffement climatique. Le développement durable et apaisé des pôles urbains de la vallée ainsi que leur sécurité alimentaire dépendent des capacités des acteurs locaux et des Etats riverains à maintenir une politique de gestion concertée et partagée de cette ressource en eau. https://grdr.org/IMG/pdf/brochure_mavil_bakel_web.pdf Previous Next

< Back Urban-Rural linkages at the center of urban policy agenda in Africa Grace GITHIRI, Inès Diurtionnel NGOUANOM, Antonio KIPYEGON Urban-rural linkages in Africa are a significant challenge, with rapid urbanization and rural-urban migration putting pressure on urban and peri-urban areas. UN-Habitat and partners implemented the "Leaving no space behind: strengthening urban-rural Linkages (URL) in Africa" project in four countries: Cameroon, Guinea, Nigeria (Niger State), and Tanzania (Zanzibar). The project aimed to enhance the capacities of policymakers and change agents at all levels to collect and use evidence for fostering cross-sectoral, multi-level frameworks, strategies, and action plans for integrated and inclusive territorial development. The project involved the development of context-specific normative toolkits, capacity-building sessions, technical dialogues, and advisory services to stakeholders. The project also provided an overall framework for the review of the National Urban Policy (NUP) for each country and in the data collection process at a local level. The project aimed to strengthen the synergies between urban and rural communities and spaces, promoting integrated territorial development and achieving global goals. Traditional approaches to planning and development viewed urban and rural areas as two separate entities creating a dichotomy between the two. In reality, the boundary between urban and rural areas is diffused, and the two are intertwined and connected in a functioning system of linkages that sustains the interactions between them. While urban growth might bring prosperity to many urban regions, the urban dividend is often not shared across the territory. In some countries, small and intermediary cities, which are a crucial link for integrated territorial development, find it difficult to define their roles in the contemporary economy; hence adversely suffering from uncontrolled growth, poverty, lower incomes, high youth unemployment rates, inward migration from rural areas and outmigration of mainly young and skilled. To address these urban-rural linkages challenges in the African context, UN-Habitat and partners implemented, the project “Leaving no space behind: strengthening urban-rural Linkages (URL) in Africa” in four countries: Cameroon, Guinea, Nigeria (Niger State), and Tanzania (Zanzibar) Funded by the United Nations Development Account this project supported the four countries to enhance their urban-rural linkages and bridge the urban-rural divide by enhancing the capacities of policymakers and change agents at all levels to collect and use evidence for fostering cross-sectoral, multi-level frameworks, strategies, and action plans for integrated and inclusive territorial development. Ensuring the entire project cycle was inclusive and participatory, UN-Habitat employed several delivery methods, including the development of context-specific normative toolkits and guides, national and subnational capacity-building sessions, technical dialogues as well as advisory services to a wide array of stakeholders, including government officials, academia, civil society and women and youth groups. The project implementation involved the creation of awareness along with capacity-building activities on the significance of strengthening URL. Through the awareness-raising activities, the countries were also able to define their priorities or key pressing issues towards functional and inclusive URL at the national and local levels. This was to provide an overall framework for the review of the National Urban Policy (NUP) for each country and in the data collection process at a local level respectively. In Africa, the urban-rural divide is a reality that participating countries must address. To be specific, rapid urbanization, due to rural-urban migration is placing enormous pressure on urban and peri-urban areas, including intermediary cities. Large cities and metropolitan areas are already experiencing urban sprawl and expanding their border to peri-urban areas, surrounding rural areas, and hinterlands. When expanding in such an unplanned manner, cities consume valuable (close by) agricultural land (in some cases) which could in turn affect food security and food systems in general. Similarly, fragile ecosystems are being transformed into urban land uses, impacting ecological resources such as waterways, fisheries, and forests. The 2017 report of the UN Economic Commission on Africa on “Urbanization and Industrialization for Africa’s Transformation” states that Africa's least urbanized countries are urbanizing fastest due to rural-urban migration, a phenomenon which still remains even as countries recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, unlike global trends, the urban-rural disparities in Africa do not seem to narrow with increasing urbanization. Low connectivity and insufficient infrastructure in rural areas widen these inequalities between urban and rural areas and since economic investment is often low, job opportunities remain few. The 2017 report of the UN Economic Commission on Africa states that “management of the rural-urban transition in a way that promotes equity is one of the major challenges facing policymakers in most African countries.” The situation in the project countries is no different, for example in Cameroon, rural-urban migration was defined as the main cause of urban sprawl. The reasons for migration as described above, specifically the search for better opportunities due to urban and rural disparities and inadequate infrastructural development. In Niger State, Nigeria, the inefficiencies of infrastructure, leading to a declining local economy, is one of the main contributors to poverty among rural populations. Connecting food producers to urban markets and enhancing the flows of goods, products, and information would improve the lives of the rural dwellers, and also promote urban food security. In Guinea Conakry, the poor connectivity of physical infrastructure, information transfer, and social connectivity cause a major development gap between rural and urban areas. The case in Zanzibar, Tanzania is no different; the poorest and least developed, low literacy levels and access to health care among other challenges being experienced, in rural areas. Faced with these challenges, the call to strengthen the synergies between urban and rural communities and spaces is pivotal towards integrated territorial development and achieving global goals. The project thus provided for the countries to define their priorities, gather data, review policy, and make recommendations for policy enhancements. UN-Habitat implemented the project using several delivery methods to ensure an inclusive, effective, and participatory approach. These include the development of innovative, contextspecific normative tools and guides, capacity development sessions as well as technical dialogues and advisory services. UN-Habitat coordinated activities at the regional level and offered normative tools for adoption in the country's contexts. The main activities in the field were over ten capacitybuilding workshops, data collection exercises at different locations, policy reviews, and recommendations for enhancing the policy frameworks in the lens of urbanrural linkages. One unique aspect of the project is that it integrated inputs from technical experts and local communities or stakeholders to inform the policy review and recommendation process. Approximately 2500 people were engaged during the implementation of this project. The project not only gathered inputs for policies but the stakeholders involved had their capacities strengthened which will be replicated to others and in their daily work on urban-rural linkages. Data collection was also collected using digital tools such as Kobocollect which made data collection, analysis, and presentation quicker and relatively more accurate. The digital tool was not only innovative but also minimized the use of paper contributing to environmental conservation. The capacity-building workshops and related activities were also hybrid; both physical and online especially during COVID-19 restrictions allowing for continuity of project activities. In Cameroon, the project began by bringing together a country team which was composed of over 20 people from different sectors. They defined three priority issues that would be key in addressing urban-rural disparities. They are: improving road and transportation infrastructure; telecommunications infrastructures; Partnerships and financial services. Along with the definition of priorities, UN-Habitat worked with stakeholders such as government officials, civil society, and academia, to develop a report on the general challenges and state of urban-rural linkages in Cameroon. Similarly over thirteen policies, laws, and strategies were reviewed on the nature and extent to which they had addressed urban-rural linkages. The other related activities were data collection and six workshops on awareness, capacity building, and validation of project outcomes. In Zanzibar, Tanzania, the multi-stakeholder country team defined three priorities for strengthened urbanrural linkages. The priorities were: food security, social services, and infrastructural services. A URL situational report comprising the challenges and opportunities was developed, with the contribution of all stakeholders. Over 20 policies and strategies were also reviewed guiding the recommendations thereof. Data collection of both secondary and primary sources was conducted in the selected sites, including farms, marketplaces, and from community groups. To further enhance inclusivity and participation from all the five regions of Zanzibar, up to five workshops in the five regions were conducted to raise awareness on URL, enhance the participant's capacity as well as validate the project outcomes, attended by over 100 diverse participants. In Niger State, Nigeria, the project was implemented under the umbrella of the Niger State Urban Support Programme, which consisted of urban-rural linkages, state urban policy, and integrated development planning. The strengthening urban-rural linkages component was then integrated as a chapter in the Niger State urban policy, which was approved by the State Executive Council in June 2021, A multi-stakeholder team formulated to coordinate the project identified priority issues as infrastructure and human security. Similar to Zanzibar, the Niger State team conducted policy reviews, defined the gaps, and provided fitting recommendations to enhance urban-rural linkages. A report was also prepared on the status of URL in Niger State with specific examples of ongoing projects and initiatives by other partners and governments on rural electrification, rural road upgrading, and market studies. Through the project, a total of three workshops were conducted, which included training on data collection and validation workshops various consultative meetings along with the NUP development process. Guinea Conakry started with a stakeholder’s awareness workshop conducted in Conakry bringing together relevant stakeholders together to understand and discuss the relevance of urban-rural linkages. They also developed the status report on URL in Guinea along with a review of over ten relevant policies. Data collection was also collected to understand the three priorities identified as infrastructure, environmental issues, and economic activities. Four workshops were held in Conakry on awareness, capacity building, and validation of project outcomes. The urban policy process kicked off after the project closed, and a specific section on urban-rural linkages will be integrated with the policy document. The aim of the project was mainly to build the capacities of the stakeholders in the project countries towards enhancing urban-rural linkages and integrated territorial development through policies, and strategies among other frameworks. The projects were anchored in the project countries along with the urban policy process apart from Cameroon where the policy was already completed. The project saw several milestones reached and significant progress made in enhancing urban-rural linkages. Some of the progress made and results achieved include: Multisectoral country teams (national, and local) responsible for promoting and ensuring the consideration of urban-rural links in policies and strategies were set up and equipped through capacity-building activities and related project activities. They will thus continue playing a major role in advancing the agenda as ambassadors of urban-rural linkages initiatives in their works. The capacities of more than 2500 stakeholders in the government, private sector, academia, and civil society have been strengthened on what urban-rural linkages entail and why it is important including how local initiatives contribute to the agenda. This was not only through the capacity-building activities and data collection process but also through the reports developed that will be disseminated in the relevant languages in each project country In all four project countries, urban-rural linkages will form part of the national or sub-national (Zanzibar and Niger state) agendas having been integrated into the urban policies. In Niger state, a chapter dedicated to policy actions for managing urban-rural linkages was adopted. Urban policies form a key reference document for legislation, planning, and related strategies or projects whose benefits would be incremental at different governance levels. Another impact is that another project commenced as a multiplier effect benefitting Niger state and Cameroon with the main focus on food and transportation between urban and rural areas in the context of pandemics. This is through the University of Nairobi and partners, showing the emerging interest of academia to advance the topic of urban-rural linkages. The Project achieved its main objective is to advance the knowledge and capacities of urban-rural linkages in the context of African countries. The approach employed in the implementation of this project involved both experts and local stakeholders to collect evidence for policy enhancement. To engage these diverse stakeholders, context-specific normative tools were developed, core country teams trained, and the tools implemented. Through the various tools being piloted and adapted accordingly, the country reports were developed and shared with all stakeholders on the status of urban-rural linkages. The policies were then reviewed through the lenses of the emerging issues in the reports and recommendations developed. To contextualize and understand the situation further, study sites were identified, and data were collected in a defined functional area. The data collected provided an in-depth understanding of the nature, challenges, and opportunities of urban-rural linkages in specific contexts. The main results were a piloted toolkit that can be replicated in other country contexts, urban-rural linkages policy recommendations, and improved capacities of the stakeholders involved on ways of advancing the agenda post-project period. One of the lessons learned from this project which will be beneficial in future related projects or initiatives is the complex and broad yet context-specific nature of urbanrural linkages. The policy actions in each country are expected to lead to urban and rural food security, better connectivity and inclusive flows of commodities, people, services, and information, management of urban-rural migration, protection of the environment, and managed urban sprawl among other long-term benefits, for integrated and sustainable territorial development. Previous Next

African Cities Insights is your go-to resource for understanding the latest trends and developments in urban studies in Africa. Our series features interviews with leading experts, innovative projects that are transforming cities, and thought-provoking think pieces that challenge conventional wisdom. We are committed to promoting inclusive and sustainable urban development across the continent. African Cities Insights African Cities Insights is your go-to resource for understanding the latest trends and developments in urban studies in Africa. Our series features interviews with leading experts, innovative projects that are transforming cities, and thought-provoking think pieces that challenge conventional wisdom. We are committed to promoting inclusive and sustainable urban development across the continent. Filter by Category Select Category Cities Pixels and Colors Bakel et Kaédi: Des villes intermédiaires en première ligne des enjeux du développement urbain Focus sur Bakel et Kaédi dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal. Architecture Innovation La ventilation naturelle : une arme invisible, mais tellement efficace ! Une alternative aux climatiseurs énergivores et mal intégrés African Architecture and Urban Heritage Learning from green African building Exploring the richness of sustainable construction in sub-Saharan Africa and creating a network of engaged actors and institutions. 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Architecture Innovation Les jardins de Ben M'sik : construits par la communauté, pour la communauté Des logements sociaux à Casablanca alliant accessibilité, durabilité et intégration communautaire. Urban Planning Innovation La géopolitique de la gouvernance urbaine – une approche innovante pour coproduire des connaissances Un réseau dense et multi-échelle d'acteurs, d'initiatives, de relations et de compétitions qui constituent et caractérisent la gouvernance urbaine Urban Planning Innovation Urban-Rural linkages at the center of urban policy agenda in Africa Leaving no space behind: strengthening urban-rural Linkages Interview Portrait d'une des architectes les plus inspirantes du Maroc: Aziza CHAOUNI Architecte principale chez Aziza Chaouni Projects et Professeure associée à l'Université de Toronto African Architecture and Urban Heritage What would the architecture of African cities look like without western influence? Reimagine an Africa built with a strong sense of heritage, with the aim of evoking emotions and a sense of joy Urban Planning Innovation Un (re)développement urbain accéléré pour des lieux habitables the Urban Fabric Initiative Expérimenter, promouvoir et développer des approches et des outils inclusifs, participatifs et agiles pour améliorer la qualité et l'appropriation locale des projets urbains. African Architecture and Urban Heritage Cameroon museums: The language of symbols for cosmo-architecture Cultural and tourist development of the territory through buildings and places imbued with an «African» scenography Interview Interview with Hayatte Ndiaye, President of the national order of architects of Chad Financing the urbanization of cities is crucial, as it promotes local economies, supports industrialization, and creates jobs locally Architecture Innovation Startup lions campus Innovative architecture to respond to the challenge of youth unemployment Cities Pixels and Colors The heritage wall Benin Connect every African to their culture and identity, and promote the importance of connecting with their heritage. Architecture Innovation Rural lessons for the city of the future an architect’s perspective Combining the rural and urban can create more liveable modern cities and attractive rural communities for future generations African Architecture and Urban Heritage Influence of religion and beliefs in architecture Religion and beliefs have shaped African societies, influencing the construction of monuments Architecture Innovation Innovation at the service of community projects in Africa Africa's architecture blends ancient traditions with sustainable designs, addressing community needs. Interview Education in architecture, planning and design in Africa: Challenges and vision for more sustainable and resilient African cities Architectural education in Africa needs a paradigm shift, integrating local social, cultural, and environmental considerations. Urban Planning Innovation Comment les drones facilitent l’obtention de titres fonciers en RDC Kasangulu, en RDC, utilise des drones pour les droits fonciers, l'autonomisation des femmes et la modernisation de la gestion foncière. African Architecture and Urban Heritage Talensi traditional houses in Ghana Talensi traditional houses in Ghana exemplify indigenous culture, social cohesion, and sustainable, low-cost construction using local materials. Urban Planning Innovation Innovative partnerships for inclusive mobility UN-Habitat partners with startups to innovate in e-mobility, advancing sustainable cities and gender-inclusive employment. Urban Planning Innovation The Pedestrian's Plight: Walking as an inconvenient mobility option in Abuja Abuja's car-centric design and policies hinder pedestrian mobility, especially for marginalized groups, necessitating prioritized mixed land use, enhanced streetscapes, and pedestrian-friendly policies. Urban Planning Innovation Reaping the Urban Dividend: Sustainable and Safe Urban Mobility in Africa Reclaiming Streets for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Africa to reduce road fatalities among vulnerable road users. Cities Pixels and Colors Urbanisme tactique : les artefacts urbains comme vecteur de mobilité durable pour une meilleure qualité de l’air dans la ville de Yaoundé Les artefacts urbains inspirés des symboles locaux pour favoriser la mobilité douce au Cameroun African Architecture and Urban Heritage Le Burkina Faso, une référence en matière d'architecture africaine authentique L'architecture africaine inspirante du Burkina Faso entre préservation de l'identité et modernité African Architecture and Urban Heritage Les territoires post-miniers Marocains : L'héritage minier de Jerada comme outil de régénération urbaine Jerada, ville post-minière marocaine, lutte pour éviter le déclin en explorant des stratégies intégrées de reconversion urbaine. Urban Planning Innovation Projet de Développement Urbain Intégré et de Résilience du Grand Antananarivo : Des impacts durables sur la capitale de Madagascar Le PRODUIR vise à améliorer les conditions de vie des personnes les plus vulnérables des zones régulièrement inondées d’Antananarivo Interview On the Move: How Local Startups Are Redefining Urban Mobility in Africa Interview with Judith ADEM, consultant smart and electric mobility at UN-Habitat Urban Planning Innovation L’African Cities Lab : une plateforme de cours en ligne au service de la transformation urbaine en Afrique Une plateforme révolutionnaire en éducation numérique pour façonner un développement urbain durable en Afrique. 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Interview Interview with Mariam Issoufou Kamara: Founder and principal Architect at atelier masōmī In this interview, Mariam Kamara discusses her journey from software engineering to architecture, emphasizing the multidimensional impact of architecture on our environment and perception. Interview Charging Ahead: Africa's Bright Future in Electric Mobility Interview with Ariadne Baskin Sustainable Mobility Project Manager

African Cities Magazine Welcome to our magazine, dedicated to addressing the critical issues related to the development of cities in Africa. It spotlights the dynamic evolution of urban spaces across Africa, highlighting innovations in sustainable development. The magazine serves as a platform for showcasing transformative projects and cultural narratives that shape the continent’s rapidly growing cities. It covers topics like smart city initiatives, environmental sustainability, urban planning, and economic development, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities unique to African urbanism. African Cities Magazine 5 The fifth edition explores the power of digital innovation, community engagement, and sustainable design in Africa's urban development. The Special Feature highlights AI’s potential to address urban challenges. Urban Planning Innovation emphasizes community-driven projects, including Senegal’s Urban Renewal Fund and Nigeria’s Abuja Urban Lab, promoting collaborative waste solutions. Architecture Innovation showcases eco-friendly designs using local materials, while African Architecture and Urban Heritage spotlights heritage preservation, emphasizing Africa’s cultural richness and historical depth. The Cities, Pixels, and Colors section highlights the unique challenges and roles of intermediate cities in West Africa. Read more African Cities Magazine 4 This Edition 4 focuses on urban mobility, an essential aspect of Africa's rapidly evolving cities. It examines electric mobility, digital public transport planning, and infrastructure for cycling and walking, presenting them as pillars of sustainable urban mobility. Interviews with experts reveal the potential for electric transport and digital tools in creating accessible, environmentally friendly transit systems. This edition also highlights Madagascar's innovations in urban mobility and profiles artists contributing to Africa’s urban aesthetic through murals and public art. Featuring reflections on African architecture and heritage, this edition illustrates how technological advancements and cultural identity converge in modern African cities Read more African Cities Magazine 3 In this Edition 3, the African Cities Magazine explores financing sustainable urban development, with insights from Jean-François Habeau of the Global Fund for Cities Development (FMDV). This edition spotlights innovative projects emphasizing participation and collective action, demonstrating how collaboration can enhance urban resilience. Through profiles of key figures like Aziza Chaouni, the magazine highlights how professionals are pushing boundaries in urban design. The issue also covers significant urban planning events across Africa, shedding light on best practices and inspiring young Africans to engage in sustainable urbanism. This edition aims to connect funding strategies with impactful urban projects that promote inclusive growth and sustainability. Read more African Cities Magazine 2 This issue centers on architecture education, urban resilience, and smart city initiatives, offering a deep dive into the educational approaches driving urban transformation in Africa. It opens with a special feature on the role of architecture and urban planning in fostering inclusive development. In-depth interviews with leading architects and urban planners reveal visions for the future of African cities, where public spaces, resilient infrastructure, and socio-economic inclusion are prioritized. This edition also examines how cultural and religious heritage influence architecture and urban planning, aiming to balance modern needs with traditional values. By incorporating diverse perspectives, this edition underscores Africa’s innovative potential in redefining urban landscapes. Read more African Cities Magazine 1 The first issue of African Cities Magazine dives into how innovative solutions are shaping resilient, sustainable cities across Africa. This edition covers a range of projects focused on urban planning, architecture, and design, introducing practitioners and innovators making strides in African urban development. A special emphasis is placed on the adaptability and resourcefulness of African cities, showcasing efforts to meet local challenges while promoting inclusivity and environmental stewardship. The edition also celebrates Africa’s cultural richness, highlighting urban diversity and envisioning a future of vibrant, adaptable cities that reflect the unique identity of the continent. Read more

Africityshoot Africityshoot is a collection of photos of African cities to share the warmth, beauty, energy and vibrancy of cities on the continent. Discover the dynamics at work in African cities through unique shots of different cities taken by actors committed to the sustainable transformation of the continent's territories. These images are to be used for non-commercial purposes.

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