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< Back Geo Sanitation - INSTAMAP: A geoportal to facilitate decision-making on urban water management in Antananarivo, Madagascar Lova Andriarimalala Antananarivo, Madagascar, faces recurring flooding and landslides, causing significant damage to agricultural land and buildings. The city faces challenges in implementing integrated urban water management plans due to topography, uncontrolled urban expansion, and climate change. A Sanitation Geoportal is proposed to centralize and democratize geographic data related to sanitation, streamline project development, and reduce costs. The platform aims to improve coordination, streamline project development, and reduce costs by replacing physical documents with digital versions. The Sanitation Geoportal for Antananarivo is a groundbreaking project that uses advanced geospatial technologies to address urban sanitation and environmental management challenges. The platform consolidates data from multiple sources, enabling coordinated planning across sectors. It uses predictive modeling to forecast potential risks, promoting proactive planning and intervention. The Geoportal's design eliminates redundancy, promotes efficient resource use, and encourages public participation. Its modern interface promotes widespread adoption and integration into everyday planning. Key impacts include improving health, promoting economic development, and promoting social inclusion. The project aims to enhance the well-being of target populations and promote environmental protection. The core challenge is implementing integrated and effective urban water management plans for Antananarivo Antananarivo's city faces recurrent flooding and landslides, affecting several neighborhoods annually. In January 2022, the town witnessed 12,000 displaced individuals (1), around 10 fatalities (1), and significant damage to 8,000 hectares of agricultural land and 4,500 buildings (2). These problems stem from challenging topography, uncontrolled urban expansion, and reactive rather than preventive measures, exacerbated by climate change. This context highlights the need for an integrated approach to sustainable urban development. Key issues include difficulties accessing geographic data, as obtaining data requires navigating multiple entities and platforms. Additionally, data fragmentation leads to non-standardized, specific datasets, complicating their usage. An example is the disjointed relationship between administrative boundaries and census results. A street in the Malagasy capital Antananarivo after torrential rains on January 8, 2020 (MAMYRAEL / AFP), Furthermore, no unified geospatial platform for managing stormwater and wastewater data is slowing project implementation and decision-making in urban sanitation and development. The proposed solution is a Sanitation Geoportal, aimed at enhancing the coordination of planning tools and stakeholder actions. This platform will centralize and democratize geographic data related to sanitation and cross-cutting themes, streamline project development by enabling online data consultation, and reduce costs, such as reprography expenses, by replacing physical documents with digital versions. The urbanization of Antananarivo has evolved haphazardly since Madagascar's independence, significantly encroaching on the wetlands of the Betsimitatatra plain. Driven by its economic allure, this urban sprawl has surged without the support of large-scale infrastructure projects since the 67 Ha development. Consequently, most of the city's neighborhoods now face severe sanitation issues. Flooding and poor sanitation characterize these challenges. Floods are common during the wet season, largely due to obstructed drainage systems clogged with solid waste and vegetation. Additionally, inadequate wastewater systems force residents to connect to stormwater drains, creating environmental and health hazards. Institutionally, multiple actors, including two key ministries, are involved in the city's sanitation efforts. However, coordination and organizational problems are prominent, compounded by financial and technical constraints. Funding is deficient, and there is a pressing need to enhance staff capacity. On the user level, strategic behavioral changes are essential, as sectoral degradation fosters further non-compliance. In late January 2022, the four main rivers crossing the city experienced severe flooding. This was particularly evident along the left bank of the Ikopa River, where flood zones extended beyond the usual boundaries. Analysis via GIS revealed that approximately 4,500 buildings, mainly residential and housing around 58,000 people, were directly affected, inundating 165 hectares of residential areas. The economic repercussions were severe, especially for agriculture. Over 8,000 hectares of farmland, predominantly rice fields, were impacted. Additionally, about 337 km of roads were submerged, affecting transportation, commerce, and daily mobility. The floods of the week of January 17 covered 120 km², or 15% of the urban area, excluding water bodies. In the southwest, flooding was exacerbated by a breach in the left bank of the Sisaony River at Ampitatafika. This led to the inundation of low-lying areas, primarily rice fields. By January 2023, the breach remained unrepaired, causing ongoing flooding during the cyclone season. The resulting devastation formed a large lake, submerging extensive agricultural parcels in the Fokontany of Anjanamaintso and Ambohidava. The Sanitation Geoportal for Antananarivo presents a pioneering approach to addressing the city’s pressing sanitation and environmental management challenges. Geosanitation Instamap a module to visualise and spatially share the impacts of heavy rains, Lova A 2023 This innovative project leverages advanced geospatial technologies to create a sustainable, resilient, and smart solution, uniquely suited to the complexities of urban management in the African context. Below is a detailed explanation of the project’s approach and innovations: 1. Addressing Key Sanitation and Environmental Management Challenges The Geoportal will consolidate data from multiple sources into a single, accessible platform. This integration facilitates comprehensive analysis and coordinated planning across different sectors, overcoming the current fragmentation of data and responsibilities among various entities. By incorporating real-time data capabilities, the Geoportal will offer dynamic monitoring of stormwater and wastewater systems. This functionality enables quick responses to emergencies like floods and pollution incidents, significantly enhancing urban resilience. The platform fosters improved coordination among governmental bodies, NGOs, private sector participants, and local communities. By providing a shared, transparent data interface, it promotes a holistic approach to urban planning and sanitation management, ensuring that diverse interests and insights are integrated into decision-making processes. 2. Innovations in Resilience The Geoportal will utilize predictive modeling to forecast potential sanitation and environmental risks. This capability allows for proactive planning and intervention, reducing the impact of natural hazards such as floods. For example, it will predict areas at risk of flooding and suggest preventive measures based on historical data and real-time inputs. A dedicated module within the Geoportal will focus on environmental risk management, offering real-time alerts for hazards like flooding and landslides. This system ensures timely dissemination of critical information, enabling authorities and communities to act swiftly and effectively. The platform will support scenario-based planning, allowing users to simulate various intervention strategies and assess their outcomes. This flexibility is crucial for adapting to changing environmental conditions and urban growth patterns. 3. Sustainability Innovations The Geoportal’s design as a centralized hub for geospatial data eliminates redundancy and promotes the efficient use of resources. It simplifies access to critical information, reducing the time and cost associated with data collection and analysis. By providing open access to data and planning documents, the Geoportal encourages public participation and transparency. This inclusivity not only educates communities about sanitation issues but also fosters a culture of accountability and collaborative problem-solving. The Geoportal’s capability to streamline project planning and resource allocation enhances the efficiency of sanitation infrastructure investments. It reduces wastage and ensures that financial and material resources are deployed where they are most needed, aligning with principles of sustainable development. Geosanitation spatial data visualisation, Lova A 2023 4. Smart Innovations The Geoportal will feature a modern, intuitive interface designed to be accessible to users with varying levels of technical expertise. This ease of use promotes widespread adoption and integration into everyday planning and management activities. The platform’s ability to automatically process and update data ensures that users have access to the latest information without the need for manual intervention. This automation reduces administrative burdens and enhances operational efficiency. Designed with interoperability in mind, the Geoportal can integrate with other systems and platforms, allowing for future expansions and adaptations. This scalability ensures that the platform remains relevant as urban management needs evolve. The Sanitation Geoportal for Antananarivo is set to significantly enhance the well-being of target populations, foster economic development, promote social inclusion, and advance environmental protection in Antananarivo. The Geoportal will centralize and visualize data related to stormwater and wastewater management, addressing critical sanitation issues. Enhancing coordination among stakeholders and providing real-time data, will streamline interventions in sanitation infrastructure, reducing the frequency and severity of flooding and landslides. This will directly mitigate health and human security risks associated with poor sanitation and lack of rainwater management. Improved infrastructure planning facilitated by the Geoportal will lead to cleaner neighborhoods, particularly in flood-prone areas. This will enhance overall public health by reducing exposure to unsanitary conditions. The Geoportal will aid in safeguarding agricultural lands from flooding, preserving the productivity of about 8,000 hectares of farmland affected by past inundations. This is crucial for local rice farmers, ensuring economic stability and contributing to food security. By providing a unified platform for data, the Geoportal will enhance the efficiency of resource allocation in sanitation and infrastructure projects. It will enable precise and timely interventions, minimizing costs associated with emergency responses and improving planning efficiency. Reduced flooding and improved sanitation will enhance the reliability of transport networks, facilitating smoother movement of goods and people. This will bolster commercial activities and economic transactions, especially in areas previously disrupted by poor infrastructure. The Geoportal will democratize access to sanitation and environmental data, empowering communities to participate in planning processes. By making data and planning documents available online, citizens can better advocate for improvements in their neighborhoods. The platform will improve communication among government agencies, NGOs, and local communities. Providing a common data interface and clarifying roles will foster more inclusive and collaborative planning efforts, ensuring diverse community needs are met. By offering open access to sanitation and urban planning data, the Geoportal will enhance transparency in decision-making processes. This will build trust between citizens and authorities, improving public engagement and accountability. The Geoportal will support better management of wastewater and stormwater, minimizing pollution of water bodies and soils. Effective planning will prevent sewage system overflows and illegal waste disposal, leading to cleaner urban environments. By integrating data on urban planning and environmental management, the Geoportal will promote sustainable development practices. It will ensure new developments consider ecological impacts and contribute to urban resilience against climate-related challenges. The platform will include modules for assessing and alerting environmental risks like flooding. This capability will enhance the city’s responsiveness to environmental threats, mitigating potential impacts on ecosystems and human settlements. The Geoportal will enable adaptive planning through real-time data and predictive modelling, allowing Antananarivo to proactively respond to environmental changes and urban growth, thus ensuring long-term resilience. The project will stimulate the development of geospatial and geomatic skills locally, fostering technical expertise and innovation in geospatial professions, crucial for sustainable urban management. The Sanitation Geoportal for Antananarivo exemplifies a groundbreaking solution to urban sanitation and environmental management challenges in the city. Through the integration of diverse geospatial datasets, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics, the Geoportal offers a comprehensive decision-support tool. It consolidates fragmented data, enhancing coordination among stakeholders and promoting efficient resource allocation. Our methodology involved extensive data analysis, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of existing geospatial platforms. By developing an intuitive and accessible user interface, the Geoportal fosters transparency and community participation. The platform's ability to adapt to changing conditions through scenario-based planning and real-time data integration enhances the city's resilience against environmental hazards. Key findings highlight the Geoportal’s potential to streamline urban planning, optimize infrastructure investments, and improve emergency response. The platform's centralized data hub and automated processing capabilities reduce administrative burdens and enhance operational efficiency. Additionally, by incorporating local insights and providing open access to data, the Geoportal promotes sustainable development and empowers communities. This project not only addresses immediate sanitation needs but also lays the foundation for ongoing improvements in urban management practices. However, an open question remains: How can we further enhance the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict and mitigate urban environmental challenges more effectively? Previous Next

< Back Le Burkina Faso, une référence en matière d'architecture africaine authentique Yoel Kime Mukena Mukalay L'architecture africaine reflète la diversité culturelle du continent, mêlant traditions locales et influences externes. Des styles vernaculaires uniques, comme l'architecture soudano-sahélienne au Burkina Faso, utilisent des matériaux locaux et intègrent des aspects communautaires et fonctionnels. Cependant, l'influence eurocentrique, héritée du colonialisme et accentuée par la mondialisation, menace cette identité architecturale. Les architectes africains cherchent à concilier modernité et tradition, à l'image de Diebedo Francis Kere, en incorporant des éléments locaux et durables dans leurs conceptions. Le Burkina Faso se distingue en préservant son héritage architectural, reconnu internationalement par l'UNESCO. Cet exemple inspire une approche continentale visant à préserver l'identité architecturale africaine tout en s'adaptant aux défis de la mondialisation. L'architecture joue un rôle crucial dans l'expression et la préservation de l'identité culturelle. Elle constitue une manifestation visuelle des valeurs, des traditions, de l'histoire et du mode de vie d'une communauté. Le design, les matériaux et l'esthétique utilisés en architecture reflètent souvent les contextes culturels, sociaux et environnementaux dans lesquels elle est créée. Dans le contexte de l'Afrique, comme d'autres aspects de la culture africaine, l'architecture africaine est exceptionnellement diversifiée. Tout au long de l'histoire de l'Afrique, les populations locales ont développé leurs propres traditions architecturales locales. Dans certains cas, des styles régionaux plus larges peuvent être identifiés, comme l'architecture soudano-sahélienne de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Un thème commun dans l'architecture traditionnelle africaine est l'utilisation de l'échelle fractale : les petites parties de la structure ont tendance à ressembler aux parties plus grandes, comme un village circulaire composé de maisons circulaires. Selon les preuves disponibles, l'architecture africaine dans certaines régions a été influencée par des cultures externes depuis des siècles. L'architecture occidentale a influencé les zones côtières depuis la fin du XVe siècle et est maintenant une source d'inspiration importante pour de nombreux grands bâtiments, notamment dans les grandes villes. L'urbanisation dans les pays africains de l'ère post-coloniale a vu les styles architecturaux eurocentriques dominer. Quelques pays, dont le Burkina Faso, préservent et intègrent les méthodes de conception pré-coloniales aux côtés des pratiques modernes, en faisant un modèle d'architecture africaine authentique. Caractéristiques générales L'architecture africaine est façonnée par l'interaction d'éléments environnementaux tels que les ressources naturelles, le climat, la végétation, ainsi que par les caractéristiques économiques et démographiques régionales. Certains édifices anciens ont survécu au fil des âges grâce à la durabilité exceptionnelle de la pierre, qui a préservé d'autres matériaux de la destruction par la pluie, la détérioration ou les termites. Dans les villages précoces des Sotho et des Tswana en Afrique du Sud et au Botswana, ainsi que dans les cercles de fosses au Zimbabwe avec des kraals de vaches naines enterrés, les kraals en pierre ont été l'objet d'études archéologiques. Les abris avec des rebords en pierre et des chaumières sphériques à toit de chaume étaient courants parmi les Sotho du Sud au XXe siècle. Les Tigres d'Érythrée et du Soudan ont construit des fermes en pierre à deux étages rectangulaires et circulaires, bien que certaines populations touaregs du Niger préfèrent les maisons en pierre carrées. La majorité des civilisations rurales africaines construisent leurs habitations à partir de matériaux localement disponibles tels que l'herbe, le bois, l'argile, le bambou et le palmier raphia. Les tentes en peau d'animal sont utilisées dans les modes de vie nomades. Dans les plaines, les toits de chaume sont typiques, tandis que le bambou et le bois dur sont utilisés dans les régions boisées. Des éléments de construction importants sont également la terre et l'argile. Les différents types de sols donnent lieu à des conceptions d'habitation uniques, comme les maisons abritées des Iraqw en Tanzanie et les maisons partiellement submergées du Mali et du Burkina Faso. L'impact des influences politiques externes L'Afrique a subi l'imposition d'influences coloniales tout au long de son histoire, qui ont affecté son environnement architectural. Les influences islamiques et chrétiennes sont particulièrement visibles dans les parties nord du continent. En conséquence, des régions du nord jusqu'à la côte est abritent des mosquées impressionnantes et des œuvres d'art élaborées. Cela est particulièrement évident dans l'architecture marocaine, qui a été fortement influencée par les conceptions architecturales islamiques. Le paysage architectural de la région subsaharienne est caractérisé par un grand nombre de petites colonies aux conceptions de logements variées. On y trouve des éléments de design baroque, arabe, turc et indien. Les colons portugais ont eu un grand impact, notamment en Éthiopie, où les influences portugaises sont clairement visibles dans les styles architecturaux du pays. Après l'indépendance de l'Afrique, l'architecture coloniale a connu une montée, entraînant une duplication généralisée d'un seul style à travers le continent. Mais lorsque la mondialisation a pris le relais, l'attention s'est portée sur le style architectural cosmopolite largement utilisé, qui s'est répandu dans le monde entier. La Pyramide in Abidjan Ivory Coast by Rinaldo Olivieri from 1973.Credit Katre L'influence de la modernité sur le paysage architectural de l'Afrique L'Afrique est une région où les conceptions architecturales récurrentes sont le résultat de la mondialisation. Après l'introduction de l'architecture moderne dans les années 1920 et 1930, les conceptions contemporaines et traditionnelles ont coexisté. Les bâtiments en verre avec des influences occidentales ont été le fruit du développement post-colonial. Des changements significatifs ont été apportés au tissu urbain et à l'urbanisme. Les techniques architecturales ont été influencées par l'accessibilité des matériaux. La mode régionale a été modifiée par les nouvelles technologies, et l'époque post-coloniale a entraîné des changements dans la vie et les cultures des populations. Ces changements ont un impact sur l'architecture privée et publique. Les villes africaines connaissent actuellement une expansion rapide, avec une nette préférence pour les conceptions architecturales occidentales contemporaines. Néanmoins, de nombreux architectes s'efforcent avec assiduité de préserver l'architecture indigène historique du continent, tant dans leur propre pays qu'à l'extérieur. Notamment, des personnalités du Niger et du Burkina Faso, telles que Mariam Kamara et Francis Kéré, entre autres, se sont distinguées en travaillant sans relâche pour préserver et innover les styles architecturaux africains. Leurs efforts servent d'exemple d'un engagement envers la sauvegarde et la revitalisation de l'héritage architectural du continent. The Kenyatta International Conference Center in Nairobi Kenya by Karl Henrik Nostvik from 1967-73.Credit...Iwan Baan Développement de l'architecture vernaculaire en Afrique, contexte du Burkina Faso Le Burkina Faso est l'un des rares pays africains à avoir maintenu son approche de conception traditionnelle tout en s'adaptant au monde moderne, alors que le changement continental en Afrique s'est généralement transformé en une modernisation profonde, négligeant les riches techniques historiques et le savoir-faire en matière de construction et de conception qui ont été accumulés au fil des siècles. Le Burkina Faso, un pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest, possède une riche histoire architecturale qui illustre les nombreuses influences culturelles et historiques qui ont façonné la nation. Le riche héritage des techniques de construction utilisées au Burkina Faso a évolué au fil du temps en raison des diverses cultures qui ont habité la région. Il est principalement lié aux arrangements domestiques et est lié à l'idée de la famille élargie, qui est la pierre angulaire de la structure sociale. Par conséquent, les changements sociaux et économiques qui ont lieu dans ces régions ont eu un impact profond sur l'architecture. Au Burkina Faso, chaque culture a développé ses propres modèles de logement particuliers qui représentent leurs modes de vie distinctifs et leur lien avec la terre. Ainsi, dans ce contexte, l'environnement construit sert d'exemple de l'importance culturelle et pittoresque des traditions folkloriques régionales. Le style architectural soudano-sahélien, qui est prédominant au Burkina Faso, se distingue par l'utilisation de briques de terre crue, de toits de chaume et d'éléments ornementaux tels que des écrans et des sculptures en bois. Ce design est populaire dans la région du Sahel et est influencé par les méthodes de construction traditionnelles des peuples autochtones. Un exemple notable de l'architecture soudano-sahélienne peut être trouvé à la Grande Mosquée de Bobo-Dioulasso, située dans la deuxième plus grande ville du Burkina Faso. Elle illustre la tradition architecturale régionale avec sa construction élaborée en terre crue, ses motifs ornés et son minaret imposant. Actuellement, ces zones rurales du Burkina Faso, qui abritent plus de 70 % de la population du pays, conservent encore partiellement ce patrimoine vivant. Les communautés peuvent prendre en charge leurs besoins en logement par leurs propres moyens lorsque les méthodes de construction traditionnelles sont préservées. Les habitants construisent leurs propres maisons à partir de matériaux facilement accessibles, obtenant parfois de l'aide auprès de constructeurs locaux. Le logement populaire doit également faire face à la nécessité de s'adapter aux transitions sociales, économiques, culturelles et environnementales actuelles qui ont un impact différent sur les zones rurales à travers le monde. Grâce notamment au travail de l'architecte renommé Diebedo Francis Kere, qui a remporté une reconnaissance internationale, l'architecture moderne du Burkina Faso a reçu une attention particulière. En intégrant des technologies durables et des matériaux locaux dans ses conceptions, Kere allie régulièrement sagesse conventionnelle et concepts innovants. The Gando Primary School the Kéré Foundation’s inaugural project in 1998 Photographer Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk L'empiètement du style eurocentrique dans l'architecture moderne africaine : un inventaire L'envahissement du style architectural moderne en général, et du style eurocentrique en particulier, a laissé une marque sur l'architecture moderne africaine, soulevant des questions sur l'identité culturelle et l'histoire. L'environnement architectural des villes africaines a été impacté par l'architecture eurocentrique, qui est basée sur des idées de conception occidentales et s'éloigne de ses racines indigènes. Le colonialisme, qui impliquait les pays européens introduisant leurs styles architecturaux sur le continent, a préparé le terrain pour cette invasion. L'adoption de modèles occidentaux a été accélérée par les problèmes post-coloniaux et la mondialisation, ce qui les rend également plus accessibles et désirables pour les pays africains. Les initiatives de haut niveau soutenues par des investisseurs étrangers ont souvent des conceptions eurocentriques prédéfinies, endommageant involontairement l'identité africaine. L'éducation et la formation des architectes africains n'ont pas été épargnées par l'influence eurocentrique. La préservation et l'assimilation des concepts de conception indigènes sont souvent négligées au profit des enseignements occidentaux dans de nombreuses écoles et programmes d'architecture. Cependant, certains architectes adoptent un style plus mixte face à cette influence. Ils cherchent à combiner des éléments architecturaux occidentaux et africains dans une synthèse spéciale alliant modernité et héritage culturel. La menace pesant sur l'identité africaine et le patrimoine culturel est sérieuse en raison de l'invasion du développement architectural mondial et du style eurocentrique. Les styles architecturaux occidentaux dominent les horizons et les espaces publics, séparant l'environnement bâti des communautés qu'il dessert. Cela met en danger le sentiment d'appartenance et d'ancrage, des éléments cruciaux de la préservation culturelle. L'afflux de la conception eurocentrique dans l'architecture africaine contemporaine est un sujet complexe qui mérite une analyse minutieuse. Il doit y avoir un équilibre qui respecte l'héritage architectural unique de l'Afrique, même si certaines personnes accueillent favorablement la promesse de la mondialisation. Les architectes et les décideurs peuvent veiller à ce que les villes africaines restent enracinées dans leurs propres identités culturelles tout en embrassant le potentiel du monde moderne en prônant une approche plus inclusive qui intègre les idées de conception indigènes. Ce n'est qu'en prenant de telles mesures que l'architecture africaine pourra vraiment s'épanouir et préserver son identité unique face aux influences extérieures. Le Burkina Faso, gardien de l'authentique architecture africaine Le Burkina Faso, fier d'être le gardien de la véritable architecture africaine et de préserver son riche héritage culturel à travers son environnement bâti, est niché au cœur de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Le Burkina Faso est une destination attrayante pour les amateurs de design africain traditionnel car, contrairement à certaines autres régions du continent, il a résisté à l'invasion des styles architecturaux eurocentriques. La diversité ethnique du Burkina Faso se reflète dans l'architecture du pays, chaque groupe ajoutant des caractéristiques distinctives à la création de maisons, de structures gouvernementales et de lieux sacrés. L'utilisation inventive de matériaux localement disponibles, comme la terre, l'argile, le chaume et le bois, est ce qui distingue l'architecture traditionnelle et permet aux bâtiments de s'intégrer parfaitement dans l'environnement environnant. Le style architectural soudano-sahélien, qui est le plus répandu dans la région du Sahel, est l'un des exemples les plus impressionnants de l'architecture traditionnelle burkinabée. Les mosquées en argile uniques de ce design ont des tours coniques et des accents de menuiserie, exhibant le superbe savoir-faire des artisans régionaux. La conception des maisons burkinabées a également une importance culturelle significative. Les murs entourent les enceintes familiales, créant un fort sentiment de solidarité et de sécurité. Ces établissements ont souvent des bâtiments en briques de terre reliés qui favorisent la vie communautaire tout en préservant l'intimité personnelle. Wood from eucalyptus — a tree that provides minimal shade in nature — lines the Burkina Institute of TechnologyPhotographer Jaime Herraiz Au Burkina Faso, l'architecture moderne est également imprégnée d'un sens de tradition. Des concepts de design traditionnels ont été tentés d'être incorporés malgré l'urbanisation et l'introduction d'éléments contemporains du développement. Les urbanistes et les architectes trouvent des méthodes créatives pour combiner les commodités contemporaines avec l'attrait esthétique de l'architecture traditionnelle africaine. Les communautés locales et le gouvernement prennent des mesures actives pour préserver leur histoire architecturale. Des célébrations régulières des méthodes et des conceptions de construction traditionnelles sont organisées, préservant l'héritage culturel pour les générations futures. De plus, le Burkina Faso est respecté internationalement pour son engagement envers une architecture africaine authentique. La contribution distinctive que le Burkina Faso a apportée à l'histoire architecturale de l'humanité a été élevée par des efforts pour inclure certains monuments architecturaux sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO. Enfin, le Burkina Faso sert de brillant exemple d'un pays dévoué à la préservation de son architecture africaine originale. Le pays renforce son sentiment de fierté en acceptant et en soutenant les méthodes de construction traditionnelles, ce qui contribue à préserver son identité culturelle. Le Burkina Faso invite le monde à observer et à respecter la beauté et l'inventivité de son riche patrimoine bâti en tant que gardien de ces chefs-d'œuvre architecturaux. A eucalyptus barrier provides shade for students at the Lycée Schorge Secondary School in Koudougou Burkina Faso. Photographer Francis Kéré Le Burkina Faso est respecté à l'échelle internationale pour son dévouement à une architecture africaine authentique. La contribution distinctive du Burkina Faso à l'histoire architecturale de l'humanité a été reconnue grâce aux efforts visant à inclure certains monuments architecturaux sélectionnés sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO. Enfin, le Burkina Faso sert d'exemple brillant d'un pays dévoué à la préservation de son architecture africaine originale. La nation renforce son sentiment de fierté en acceptant et en soutenant les méthodes de construction traditionnelles, ce qui contribue à préserver son identité culturelle. Le Burkina Faso invite le monde à observer et à respecter la beauté et l'ingéniosité de son riche patrimoine architectural en tant que gardien de ces chefs-d'œuvre architecturaux. Dans cet effort de préservation, des architectes comme Diebedo Francis Kere ont joué un rôle crucial, fusionnant la sagesse conventionnelle avec des concepts innovants pour produire des structures qui sont non seulement pratiques mais également solidement ancrées dans leur contexte culturel. Heat escapes from the building through wind towers jutting through the perforated white plaster ceiling and metal roof. Photographer Iwan Baan L'inspiration pour maintenir l'identité culturelle pendant la mondialisation peut être trouvée dans des nations comme le Burkina Faso. La préservation du patrimoine culturel pour les générations futures est assurée en respectant l'histoire architecturale. L'engagement du Burkina Faso envers une architecture africaine authentique souligne la valeur de reconnaître les différentes expressions culturelles, ce qui enrichit notre monde. La préoccupation cruciale pour les architectes passionnés par l'Afrique et son architecture est de savoir comment mettre en œuvre le modèle du Burkina Faso à l'échelle du continent pour préserver la forte identité architecturale africaine tout en embrassant un avenir prometteur. Previous Next

Cette série aborde l'état actuel du marché, les défis de la pénurie de logements et les initiatives mises en place pour y remédier < Back Nouvelle série de vidéos documentaires sur la question du logement au Cameroun Cette série aborde l'état actuel du marché, les défis de la pénurie de logements et les initiatives mises en place pour y remédier Nous avons réalisé une série de vidéos sur la complexe question du logement au Cameroun. Cette série aborde l'état actuel du marché, les défis de la pénurie de logements et les initiatives mises en place pour y remédier. Les vidéos explorent divers thèmes, tels que la promotion immobilière, ou encore la résorption des quartiers précaires. Elles examinent également les défis de l'industrie de la construction, l'utilisation des matériaux locaux par rapport aux matériaux importés. À travers des interviews avec des experts, nous approfondissons divers aspects du logement au Cameroun. M. PONDI Paul, président de l'ordre des urbanistes, discute des stratégies pour réduire le déficit en logements et propose des solutions face à la croissance démographique. M. Pierre-Marie BISSEK II LOA de TEBIS ARCHITECTS aborde les défis de la construction économique et l'utilisation des matériaux locaux. M. MOUCHILI, urbaniste, examine les causes et les politiques en faveur des quartiers précaires. Enfin, M. MOUNGANG Blaise, promoteur immobilier et Président de l'Association des Promoteurs Immobiliers du Cameroun, analyse les enjeux et incitations de la promotion immobilière, en mettant l'accent sur le financement, le foncier et la fiscalité. En 2015, le déficit de logements au Cameroun était estimé à 1,5 million d’unités, majoritairement en zone urbaine. Pour combler ce déficit, des approches de restructuration et de rénovation urbaine, ainsi que la création de nouvelles zones d’habitation, sont mises en avant. La Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030 introduit plusieurs actions, notamment le programme national de résorption de l'habitat précaire, présenté par M. Idrissa Mouchili, urbaniste au ministère de l'habitat et du développement urbain. La série souligne également les difficultés d'accès au logement abordable, influencées par le coût des matériaux de construction, et les avantages de l'utilisation des matériaux locaux. Pierre-Marie BISSEK II LOA nous éclaire sur cette question essentielle pour le logement abordable au Cameroun. Previous Next

Dakar is the capital of Senegal, in West Africa. With a high density of 6,823 inhabitants per km2, Dakar is the economic and cultural center of Senegal. It is currently experiencing strong economic development, and the city is home to 23% of the population of Senegal, but covers only 0.3% of the country’s area. This series on Dakar presents the atmosphere of these streets and its always welcoming and warm city center. Dakar-Senagal Dakar is the capital of Senegal, in West Africa. With a high density of 6,823 inhabitants per km2, Dakar is the economic and cultural center of Senegal. It is currently experiencing strong economic development, and the city is home to 23% of the population of Senegal, but covers only 0.3% of the country’s area. This series on Dakar presents the atmosphere of these streets and its always welcoming and warm city center.

< Back A vision built from earth Leandry Jieutsa, Kairu Karega Nzinga Biegueng Mboup is an architect passionate about creating sustainable and climate-conscious structures for African cities. Mboup’s design philosophy is influenced by her pan-African upbringing. She studied regional modernism at the University of Pretoria, emphasizing climate-responsive design and passive design strategies. Mboup’s bioclimatic design approach prioritizes simple yet effective elements like building orientation, thermal massing, natural ventilation, and locally sourced materials for minimal environmental impact. She studied under Professor Lindsay Bremner in London, where she learned about the impact of human activities on the planet and the need for low-impact materials. This led her to establish the architectural practice Worofila in Dakar, focusing on integrating traditional building methods with modern technologies. Mboup’s commitment to bioclimatic design, using locally-sourced earth and biomaterials, is evident in her projects. Worofila also emphasizes collaboration and mutual respect, ensuring their designs are not only beautiful but also deeply rooted in local culture. "There is no reason why we should ever depend on the importation of anything...in order to build" architect Nzinga Biegueng Mboup declares. This unwavering belief in the power of local resources and ingenuity is at the heart of Mboup's inspiring architectural practice, one that beautifully merges contemporary design with a deep respect for African contexts and the environment. Nzinga Biegueng Mboup is an architect driven by a deep passion for creating sustainable and climate-conscious structures that cater to the unique needs of African cities. Her work is profoundly influenced by her pan-African upbringing. Born in Mozambique to parents of Senegalese and Cameroonian descent, and raised in South Africa, Mboup's diverse background informs her design philosophy. Growing up amidst the urban landscape of Maputo in the late 80s and early 90s, Mboup developed a fascination with cities and how they can bring people together. However, she also observed stark contrasts in infrastructure and living conditions across different African cities. As she explains, "I've always been preoccupied... through many various travels going on holidays in Cameroon and growing up in all these different environments and wondering how African cities could be better, especially once I started seeing the sort of obvious infrastructure issues..." . This realization sparked a desire within her to use her skills to improve living conditions. Nzinga Biegueng Mboup, Architect and cofounder of Worofila, © Festus Jackson-Davis Initially, Mboup considered pursuing urban planning. However, her family, particularly an uncle who was an engineer and contractor, encouraged her towards a more technical field. This perspective was informed by the realities of urban planning in Africa, where her family believed that true influence required political engagement. As Mboup recalls, they told her, "to be an urban planner in Africa is to be a politician. If you want to be an effective planner, you need to be in politics, because otherwise, none of your policies are actually going to carry any weight..." While a brief stint studying engineering in South Africa deepened her technical knowledge, Mboup yearned for a field that embraced both the analytical and the human aspects of design. "I missed the way in which architecture was able to integrate...human science like sociology, philosophy history, " she explains. Architecture, she discovered, was a "complete science" where creativity and social conscience could harmoniously converge. It was during her architectural studies in South Africa, against the backdrop of post-apartheid reconstruction, that Mboup's design philosophy truly began to take shape. At the University of Pretoria, she was exposed to the principles of "regional modernism," a school of thought championed by architects like Norman Eaton who sought to blend modernism with an understanding of local contexts and materials. "They tried to instill in us...an attention to design according to the climate," she explains, emphasizing the importance of climate-responsive design. This emphasis on adapting to local conditions was further amplified by South Africa's diverse climate, where design strategies shifted from the hot, arid interior to the more temperate coastal regions. This experience instilled in her a deep appreciation for passive design strategies – using the very elements of a place to create comfortable and sustainable structures. Mboup explains bioclimatic design as "taking into consideration the climate in order to create buildings that are responsive to the climate using passive design strategies and also using bio-based materials which you normally have in your locality" . This approach prioritizes simple yet effective design elements such as building orientation, thermal massing, natural ventilation, and the use of locally sourced materials to create comfortable living spaces with minimal environmental impact. Mboup's architectural journey then led her to London, where she encountered a new perspective on sustainability: the Anthropocene. Studying under Professor Lindsay Bremner, she grappled with the profound impact of human activities on the planet, especially our dependence on fossil fuels. This experience was a turning point, solidifying her commitment to designing with low-impact materials and minimizing the ecological footprint of her work. London also offered a serendipitous connection back to Africa. Mboup's tenure at Adjaye Associates marked a significant turning point in her professional development. Working on the International Finance Corporation (IFC) headquarters project in Dakar, she gained invaluable insights into large-scale architectural practices. "This experience reinforced my belief in the power of architecture to influence social and economic dynamics," she explains. It was here that she honed her skills and began to envision a practice that would prioritize sustainability and community engagement. Among the notable projects she has worked on is the Goethe-Institut designed by Francis Kéré, showcasing innovative earth construction techniques. "The biggest challenges often lie in changing perceptions about earth as a building material," she notes. Yet, the success of this project has demonstrated the aesthetic and functional potential of earth construction, garnering attention both locally and internationally.” Her collaboration with Kéré Architecture on the Goethe-Institut project exemplifies the power of partnership in sustainable design. "Working with a firm that shares a commitment to sustainability was incredibly enriching," she reflects. Driven by a deep desire to ground her practice in the realities of the African continent, Mboup established herself in Dakar, co-founding the architectural practice Worofila with Nicolas Rondet. Worofila, meaning "seven" in Bambara is the name of the street where the collective started, reflects Mboup's belief in architecture as a fundamental expression of a place and its people. "Worofila is not just a practice; it's a movement towards redefining how we approach architecture in Senegal," she asserts. The firm focuses on integrating traditional building methods with modern technologies, ensuring that their designs are both innovative and deeply rooted in local culture. Her commitment to bioclimatic design is evident in every project. "Using locally-sourced earth and biomaterials is essential for architecture in Senegal," she emphasizes. These materials not only reduce the carbon footprint of construction but also enhance the thermal performance of buildings, making them more comfortable for occupants. "I want to encourage architects to prioritize environmental stewardship in their work," she adds. This philosophy is beautifully embodied in one of Mboup's most personal projects: her own family home in Senegal. Constructed using compressed stabilized earth bricks (CSEB) made primarily from locally-sourced laterite, the house is a testament to Mboup's conviction in the aesthetic and functional potential of earth construction. This personal connection to the material is rooted in her family's history – her father, inspired by the earth architecture of Cameroon, had dreamt of building earth resorts in Senegal, even going so far as to have a manual brick press flown in for the endeavor. Mboup's commitment to using CSEB extends beyond its aesthetic appeal. It represents a conscious choice to utilize readily available materials, stimulate local economies, and reduce reliance on imported products. "There's an opportunity to develop an internal economy," she emphasizes, highlighting the ripple effect of choosing local resources. Worofila's work, however, goes beyond simply using earth as a building material. The practice places great emphasis on understanding the nuances of local construction practices and collaborating closely with local artisans. "There was a lot of pedagogy involved. There was a lot of knowledge transmission in the process of making," Mboup states. This approach, centered on mutual respect and shared learning, ensures that their designs are not only beautiful but also build upon existing skills and traditions. This dedication to collaboration was evident in Worofila's work on the Goethe Institute project in Dakar, where they collaborated with a construction company that had no prior experience building with earth. Through patient guidance and on-site knowledge sharing, the team achieved a level of craftsmanship that Mboup describes as "some of the most incredible bricklaying work" she had witnessed. Mboup's research projects, such as Dakarmorphose and Habiter Dakar, delve into the evolution of Dakar's urban and cultural landscape. "One of the most surprising findings was the resilience of traditional building practices amidst rapid urbanization," she shares. She was particularly struck by the presence of "remnants of the original...villages of the indigenous people," which challenged her understanding of the city's history and the layers of meaning embedded within its fabric. This realization highlighted the importance of understanding the historical and social context of a place before intervening, a principle that guides her practice to this day. "The goal is to understand the past to inform the future," she explains. Her research not only enriches her architectural practice but also serves as a bridge between academia and the community, fostering a dialogue about the role of architecture in shaping urban life. While mud bricks feature prominently in Worofila's portfolio, Mboup is acutely aware of its limitations, particularly in dense urban environments where space is often limited. "Using their CSEB makes sense in the city but unstabilized bricks such as adobes may be more suited to other environments in which you have space to make them and sun-dry them and as one has to protect the earthern walls by having overhanging roofs," she observes, acknowledging the need for alternative solutions in certain contexts. This realization has fueled Worofila’s current research, which focuses on exploring even lower-tech building materials and techniques – methods that are readily accessible, adaptable across various contexts, and require minimal specialized equipment. This shift represents a deepening of her commitment to democratizing sustainable architecture, making it a viable option for everyone, not just a select few. Mboup's latest endeavor, a project close to her heart, embodies this vision: a training center in the Thiès region, in a city with a rich history of ceramic production. This center will serve as a hub for disseminating knowledge about sustainable building practices, and empowering individuals with the skills to create environmentally sound and culturally relevant structures. "Our goal is really finding a way to democratize it and also teach people the very basic notion of good design principles," she asserts, highlighting the center's mission to make sustainable design accessible to all. The center's design, directly informed by Worofila’s ongoing research into low-tech building methods, will itself serve as a testament to the beauty and functionality of these techniques. By choosing city grappling with the decline of its traditional ceramic industry, Worofila’sproject aims to revitalize local craftsmanship and create new opportunities for a community whose skills are increasingly undervalued. The center, she hopes, will demonstrate that "We can, as Africans, live in environments that are produced by us and that are adapted to the way in which we live." Looking ahead, Nzinga sees both opportunities and challenges for architecture in Senegal and Africa. "The greatest opportunity lies in the growing awareness of sustainability among architects and clients alike," she notes. However, she also acknowledges the challenges posed by rapid urbanization and climate change. "We must be proactive in addressing these issues, ensuring that our designs are resilient and adaptable," she asserts. Through her work, she envisions contributing to an evolving architectural landscape that prioritizes resilience, sustainability, and cultural integrity. "Architecture is not just about buildings; it's about people and their stories," she concludes, embodying the spirit of a new generation of architects committed to making a difference. In Nzinga Biegueng Mboup, we find not just an architect but a passionate advocate for a sustainable future, one that honors the past while boldly stepping into the future. As she continues to inspire and educate, her contributions will undoubtedly leave a lasting impact on the architectural landscape of Africa. Previous Next

< Back Influence of religion and beliefs in architecture Franklin Yemeli Religion and beliefs have significantly influenced the development of societies in Africa, particularly in the construction of monuments. Four such monuments are the Osun-Oshogbo Sacred Grove in Nigeria, the Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia, the Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali, and the Aksum or Axum in Ethiopia. The Osun-Oshogbo sacred forest, located in Nigeria, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a national monument, with numerous shrines, palaces, holy places, and worship places. The Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela, built in the early 13th century, are considered the largest Christian site in Africa. The Great Mosque of Djenné, built in 1838, is considered the most prestigious monument in West Africa. The city of Aksum, located near Ethiopia's northern border, was the heart of ancient Ethiopia's Aksumite Empire and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980. However, some monuments are threatened with extinction due to human factors such as conflicts or uncontrolled urbanization. Africa, the cradle of humankind! People often speak of it as a rich and fascinating continent, a land of natural and cultural diversity. And this is not just talking, because if you look closely, you will soon realize that this place is unique. From its breathtaking landscapes to the cultural practices and lifestyles of its people, this continent has much to seduce and inspire. However, one essential thing that is not talked about enough is the African monuments. They stand out because of their originality and, especially, the place they hold in the hearts of the local populations. Here, religion and beliefs have particularly influenced the development of societies and this is reflected in their buildings. Let’s discover together four of these monuments built by the local populations themselves and which still make the whole world dream. “Osun-Oshogbo Sacred Grove in Nigeria…” About 250 kilometers from Lagos, in the south of Nigeria, lies the town of Oshogbo, the capital of Osun State. On the outskirts of this town is one of the last surviving areas of the primary forest despite deforestation, the Osun Sacred Forest. It is crossed by the Osun River, which is very important to the local community. The state, the forest, and the river are named after the goddess Osun, a deity of the Yoruba pantheon who is believed to reside in the river. Throughout the year, tourists and pilgrims visit the river to pay homage to the goddess. The three “heads” of the Ogboni Shrine In the Osun-Oshogbo sacred forest, there are about 400 species of plants, more than half of which have medicinal properties. Amid this dense vegetation, numerous shrines, two palaces, five holy places, and nine places of worship have been laid out along the banks. Over the past four decades, numerous sculptures and works of art have been erected in honor of the goddess Osun. From the 1950s onwards, the forest’s history was marked by Suzanne Wenger, an Austrian adventurer and artist. After falling ill and being treated by a local herbalist, she married a Yoruba priest, adopted the local culture and devoted her time to restoring the shrines, defending the forest and the culture of the Yoruba, until she died in 2009. Together with local and foreign artists, Suzanne Wenger created the «New Sacred Art» movement in the early 1960s. Today, the modern sculptures they created stand side by side with the old traditional ones. These are intended to underline the sacredness of the place and to celebrate the deities. This restoration has given the place a new lease of life, making it a symbol of Yoruba identity beyond the country’s borders. Because of its sacred character, this forest is an important place for the community and its relationship with its deities. Indeed, regular worship services are held here, and every year festive processions are held to renew the mystical ties between the goddess and the people of Oshogbo, ensuring the preservation of the living cultural traditions of the Yoruba. The forest has been under the administrative control of the Osun State Government since 1990. Several measures have been put in place to prevent hunting, fishing, smuggling, logging and farming. After being declared a national monument in 1965 and upgraded in status in the 1990s, the forest was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. “The Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia…” Some 645 kilometres from the capital Addis Ababa, in what is now the Amhara region, lies the magnificent Lalibela. Perched on a mountainside, this monastic city is considered the largest Christian site in Africa. Its charm stems from the eleven rock-hewn churches built in the early 13th century by the order of King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela. Indeed, with the expansion of Islam, pilgrimages to the holy city were becoming increasingly difficult. King Lalibela, therefore, wanted to allow the Ethiopian Orthodox Christians to have their own Jerusalem on their land. Hence the names «Black Jerusalem» or «Ethiopian Jerusalem» are often attributed to this city. Its monolithic churches dug below ground level, several tens of metres deep, are not only an essential cultural asset for the community, but they have also helped to shape the landscape as it is today. They form two groups in addition to an isolated church. Bete Giyorgis ©Sailko To the northwest: Bete Debre Sina, Bete Mikael, Bete Gologota-Selassié, Bete Maryam, Bete Meskel and Bete Medhane Alem. To the southeast, about 300m from the first group: Bete Gebriel-Rufael, Bete Merqorewos, Bete Abba Libanos and Bete Amanuel. To the southwest: the solitary cross-shaped Bete Giyorgis. A network of tunnels and gorges carved into the rock connect all the churches. Other elements referring to the Bible have been included in the planning of the site over the years to reflect the authentic Jerusalem as much as possible. These include the Jordan River and Mount Sinai. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1978, the site has been attracting more and more people from different horizons either on pilgrimage or to dis-cover the place. Like all other heritage sites, these churches are threatened over time by natural constraints, some more than others. After the creation of shelters scaffolded and covered with corrugated iron sheets to protect them, UNESCO launched a competition in 2001 to design more aesthetic protection. In 2004, construction of the shelters designed by Italian architects Claudio Baldis-serri, Lorenzo Sarti and Aldo Aymonino began. However, these sloping roofs supported by gigantic metal pillars are not unanimously accepted, and for some people represent more of a danger than protection. “The Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali…” In the heart of the beautiful city of Djenné, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988, lies a jewel considered by many as the most prestigious monument in West Africa: The Great Mosque of Djenné. In addition to being the largest mud building in the world, it is considered to be the supreme representation of the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style. This particular style is characteristic of this region and makes the mosques in the Sahel very recognizable. But unlike the other mosques, the Great Mosque of Djenné was built in a place that had not previously hosted a religious building. It was built in 1238 by Sultan Koi Komboro on the site of his palace. After his conversion to Islam, he decided to demolish his palace and build a mosque in its place. The next sultan built the towers and the one after that, the surrounding wall. In 1819, the city was taken by Sékou Amadou, following a holy war. He decided to destroy the mosque built by Koi Komboro because it did not reflect the simple and uncluttered Islam he preached. He, therefore, built a more modest mosque and prevented access to the great mosque which, without maintenance, rapidly deteriorated under the action of the elements. When the French arrived years later, the mosque was in ruins. It is under this french occupation that the present building was built. It was built between 1906 and 1907 under the supervision of Ismaïla Traoré. The building was built on a platform of 85 m in length and 75 m in width with non-parallel sides. The platform is elevated 3 m above the natural ground level and is accessible thanks to six staircases that symbolize the passage from the profane to the sacred. The building has a maximum capacity of about 1000 people. Despite the apparent symmetry of the building, the facades are all different. Several elements contribute to making them sublime and authentic; in particular, the texture of the earthen material, the openings, the pilasters surmounted by cones, and above all the bundles of Rodier palm sticks which also serve as scaffolding during the plastering work. The eastern façade, facing Mecca, is the most ornate and monumental with its three imposing minarets. Inside the Great Mosque ©Juan Manuel Garcia The building has a roofed section supported by 90 huge pillars connected by ogival arches. The roof, which is 8 m above the lower floor, has 104 holes for lighting and ventilation of the interior spaces. An uncovered area at the rear is bordered on three sides by galleries. Every year, maintenance work is organized for this colossal and fragile jewel, to protect it before the arrival of the rains. The whole community takes part in the plastering work under the direction of the Djenné masons’ guild. The material used is a clever mixture of earth and water, with rice bran, shea butter, and baobab powder, made by the inhabitants themselves. This activity is accompanied by great festivities that are very important for the community. “Aksum or Axum in Ethiopia…” Located in a mountainous region near the northern border of Ethiopia, the city of Aksum was between the Ist and VIth centuries the heart of ancient Ethiopia, the Aksumite Empire. This Empire at the crossroads of three continents, Africa, Arabia, and the Greco-Roman world was more powerful than the Eastern Roman Empire and Persia. Axoum (Éthiopie) ©UNESCO_Francesco Bandarin Today, the old city of Aksum, a symbol of this former glory, is characterized by massive ruins dating from the Ist to the XIIIth century. These include monolithic obelisks, giant stelae, royal tombs, and ancient castles. The city, with its many archaeological sites, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. Among the most important sites in the city is a large stelae park with tens of monolithic obelisks. These are among the largest man-made monoliths. The largest one still standing is over 23 meters high and has a beautiful engraved decoration. However, there was a 33 meters high one that is said to have collapsed during its installation. The broken pieces are still on the site. The inscriptions made in the stone were certainly not only of decorative value. They have proved to be of great importance to ancient historians. Some of them contain texts in three languages, Greek, Sabean and Geza, inscribed by King Ezana in the 4th century after Christ. In 1937, after the occupation of Ethiopia by Mussolini’s armies, one of the Aksum obelisks was removed from the site and taken to Italy as a war trophy. It was erected in Rome, in front of the building that housed the Italian Ministry of Africa until 1945 and which became the headquarters of the FAO in 1951. After committing to return it in 1947, Italy finally did so in 2005. This was followed by the reinstallation of the obelisk on its original site in 2008. Obelisks were used as tombs for the kings of old. Over time, many tombs have been excavated, some looted, others spared. Their contents are now preserved in the archaeological museums of Aksum and Addis Ababa. Another major site in the city is the Church of St. Mary of Zion, located near the large stelae park. It is one of the churches built after the introduction of Christianity in the 4th century after Christ and is supposed to house the Ark of the Covenant. It is a bit sad that such masterpieces are often ignored and it is even more worrying to learn that some of them are threatened with extinction. Indeed, alongside the list of Unesco World Heritage sites, there is the list of World Heritage in Danger. Several of these extraordinary sites around the world are already listed, threatened with extinction mainly by human factors such as conflicts or uncontrolled urbanization. The ancient city of Djenné has been on this list since 2016, as the insecurity in the region prevents the maintenance and protection of this jewel. On the other hand, climate change would also be a threat, as it would have a significant impact on the availability of quality mud for construction and maintenance work such as the Great Mosque. None of the other heritages mentioned above is included in this list, but the committee has discussed in the past the possibility of including Lalibela. Several of its monolithic churches are indeed in a state of severe deterioration. The good news is that these monuments are increasingly being considered, and steps are being taken to ensure that for a very long time to come they can continue to maintain the harmony of local societies, provide information on historical facts and ways of life, and above all inspire us with their majestic and lasting character. Previous Next

< Back Exploiter l'Internet des objets pour améliorer la qualité de l'air urbain à Douala Cameroun Dr OLINGA OLINGA Joseph Magloire La ville de Douala, en tant que capitale économique du Cameroun, fait face à des défis environnementaux majeurs, notamment dans la gestion de la qualité de l'air. Une urbanisation rapide, une croissance démographique, un parc de véhicules vieillissant et une augmentation des activités industrielles contribuent à la détérioration de la qualité de l'air, posant de sérieux risques pour la santé et l'environnement. Le projet "Clean Air for All African Cities", en collaboration avec la mairie de Douala et l'Université de Douala, a lancé le déploiement de capteurs IoT à faible coût à travers la ville pour surveiller en temps réel les principaux polluants. Ce projet pilote vise à fournir des données essentielles pour orienter les stratégies d'atténuation, sensibiliser le public et éclairer les décisions politiques. Bien que Douala ne dispose pas encore d'un plan d'action spécifique pour la gestion de la qualité de l'air, cette initiative représente une étape cruciale vers l'amélioration de la qualité de l'air et la préservation du bien-être de sa population urbaine. L'étude souligne la nécessité d'un plan global de gestion de la qualité de l'air, aligné sur les meilleures pratiques internationales, pour faire face aux défis environnementaux croissants de Douala. Le coût du développement industriel de la principale ville du Cameroun En raison de son statut privilégié de capitale économique, la ville de Douala est en quelque sorte victime de son propre potentiel économique. D’un point de vue environnemental, les principaux défis auxquels Douala est confrontée sont la gestion des déchets, les inondations récurrentes et, de plus en plus, la pollution de l'air. La qualité de l'air à Douala est un problème majeur, car la ville connaît une urbanisation rapide et une croissance démographique, combinées à l'augmentation du parc de véhicules vieillissants, à l'absence d'un système de transport urbain de masse et à la hausse des activités industrielles. En effet, la ville abrite les deux zones industrielles les plus importantes du pays, les zones industrielles de Bassa’a et de Bonabéri, qui représentent à elles seules près de 70% du tissu industriel national. En plus de ces sites, la Mission d'Aménagement et de Gestion des Zones Industrielles prévoit la création d'autres zones industrielles, notamment à Yassa sur 400 hectares et à Dibombari sur 300 hectares. La mise en opération prochaine de ces zones industrielles contribuera sans aucun doute à la détérioration de la qualité de l'air dans la ville. Il va sans dire que la qualité de l'air est désormais un facteur à prendre en compte dans l'évaluation de l'exposition de la population aux risques sanitaires. Vue sur la ville de Douala au Cameroun, Leandry Jieutsa 2023 Internet des objets pour des villes à l'air pur La dernière étude sur la qualité de l'air à Douala remonte à 2003. Actuellement, sous la supervision du Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable, une étude est en cours pour identifier les principales sources de pollution atmosphérique à Douala, dans le but de les atténuer. De plus, la collaboration entre la Communauté Urbaine de Douala (CUD) et l'Équipe Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur les Changements Climatiques (EPR-CC) de l'Université de Douala, dans le cadre du projet "Clean Air for All African Cities", a permis l'installation de huit (08) capteurs pilotes dans certains quartiers de la ville. Sur la base de ces sources d'information, il peut être conclu que les principales sources de pollution atmosphérique à Douala sont les émissions du trafic automobile, les activités industrielles, la poussière soulevée par le trafic, et dans une certaine mesure, la combustion des déchets. Vue sur la ville de Douala au Cameroun, Leandry Jieutsa 2023 L'Internet des objets (IoT) offre des opportunités uniques pour surveiller la qualité de l'air en temps réel et en détail à l'échelle d'une ville dense et étendue comme Douala. Il a été choisi dans le cadre du projet "Clean Air for All African Cities" car cette technologie de capteurs à faible coût développée par AIRQO permet un suivi de la qualité de l'air en temps réel, à moindre coût et de manière peu intrusive, en déployant un réseau de capteurs connectés. Les informations collectées sont essentielles pour orienter les décisions, les actions, et la mobilisation collective pour une meilleure qualité de l'air en milieu urbain. À ce jour, huit (08) capteurs pilotes ont été installés dans certains quartiers de la ville. Le déploiement de ces capteurs a été effectué dans les zones les plus polluées de la ville, notamment le long des grands axes routiers, dans les quartiers industriels, et dans les zones densément peuplées suivant une grille prédéfinie. Le défi est de densifier ce réseau pour disposer d'un maillage suffisamment fin des données collectées afin d'informer les décideurs sur les mesures d'atténuation à prendre. Les données collectées à ce jour portent sur les principaux polluants atmosphériques (particules fines, oxydes d'azote, ozone, dioxyde de soufre, etc.), ainsi que sur les paramètres météorologiques (température, humidité, vent, etc.). Il ressort des données actuelles qu'à moyen terme, la pollution atmosphérique aura un impact négatif majeur sur la santé de la population urbaine à Douala, augmentant les risques de maladies respiratoires, de maladies cardiovasculaires et de cancers. Elle a également des conséquences sur l'environnement et les bâtiments, dégrade la qualité des écosystèmes, et contribue au changement climatique. La réglementation camerounaise ne recommande pas encore ce type de document ; cependant, les meilleures pratiques internationales en la matière, notamment l'Accord de Paris de 2015, recommandent que les États élaborent une Contribution Déterminée au niveau National (CDN) qui présente les engagements nationaux en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, et donc, des polluants atmosphériques. Au niveau local, le Plan d’Action pour l’Énergie Durable et le Climat sert de cadre d’action pragmatique. Dans le contexte camerounais, un plan d'action pour la réduction des émissions et la gestion de la qualité de l'air pourrait inclure l'amélioration des connaissances locales sur les sources de pollution grâce à l'installation d'un réseau de capteurs connectés, y compris le renforcement des capacités des acteurs locaux dans la collecte, le traitement, et l'analyse des données, la mise en place de zones vertes à faibles émissions (hôpitaux, écoles, espaces sportifs, etc.), la promotion des modes de transport propres et de la mobilité douce (marche et vélo), comme recommandé dans le Plan de Mobilité Urbaine Durable de Douala (PMUS), ainsi que le renforcement des réglementations sur les émissions industrielles, et la sensibilisation aux problématiques de pollution de l'air. Cependant, à ce jour, la Ville de Douala n'a pas encore mis en œuvre de plan d'action spécifique sur la qualité de l'air, mais ce projet pilote réalisé avec l'Équipe Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur les Changements Climatiques (EPR-CC) de l'Université de Douala, dans le cadre du projet "Clean Air for All African Cities", pourrait constituer une première étape importante. Previous Next

Luc Gnacadja, expert en développement urbain, met en avant le potentiel de l'économie informelle dans les villes africaines pour favoriser leur développement durable. < Back Capitaliser sur l'économie informelle pour un développement urbain durable en Afrique Luc Gnacadja Luc Gnacaja, président de GPS Développement, ancien ministre de l'Environnement au Bénin, souligne l'importance de repenser le développement urbain en Afrique. Il met en avant le caractère informel des villes africaines, dominant à plus de 80%, et souligne son rôle dans l'économie. Gnacadja encourage à capitaliser sur cette informaliité pour favoriser le développement urbain durable, soulignant le besoin d'outils et de formations adaptés pour les planificateurs et décideurs. Il appelle à une approche agile et inclusive pour répondre aux défis urbains africains.

< Back Innovative partnerships for inclusive mobility Judith Owigar & Debashish Battacherjee UN-Habitat is pioneering innovative partnerships with local start-ups to tackle urban mobility challenges, focusing on developing and implementing electric mobility solutions. By leveraging the agility and local insight of these start-ups, UN-Habitat aims to catalyze the e-mobility ecosystem across Africa, exemplified by its collaboration with Ampersand Rwanda in Kigali to develop electric motorcycles and train women as moto-taxi drivers, enhancing income and gender inclusivity. These initiatives underscore the importance of adopting locally relevant solutions and fostering collaborative efforts between global organizations, local start-ups, and governments. They highlight the transformative potential of electric mobility in improving urban transport, creating green jobs, and advancing gender equality in the workforce. Moreover, the role of universities and research institutions in innovating urban mobility solutions is emphasized, as seen in the University of Nairobi's Mobility Accelerator. These efforts contribute significantly to achieving SDGs 11 and 17, showcasing the critical role of innovative partnerships in sustainable urban development. As UN-Habitat seeks to adopt locally relevant approaches to tackle urban challenges, it has developed innovative and strategic partnerships with local start-ups that are agile and can quickly respond to rapidly changing urban environments with an understanding of the local context and an appreciation of sustainable mobility principles. To this end, UN-Habitat is supporting start-ups in several cities across the world to develop and implement electric mobility solutions that are catalysing developments across the E-mobility ecosystem in Africa. In Kigali, for example, UN-Habitat is working with Ampersand Rwanda that is developing electric motorcycles. In addition to this, in collaboration with other project partners, Ampersand is training young women to drive electric motorcycle taxis as an income-generating activity. UN-Habitat has seen the value of seeking innovation outside of its boundaries by engaging with start-ups and stakeholders who would not ordinarily partner with such a large organization. By combining UN-Habitat’s experience working on sustainable mobility, it’s extensive working relationship with local governments and its global partners, start-ups are provided with an institutional framework to work with local government to bring their innovative solutions to address local urban mobility challenges. These innovative partnerships enable UN-Habitat to achieve SDG 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, and SDG 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development. Innovative solutions to address mobility challenges are quickly emerging in Africa. The application of data sciences has helped to map mobility patterns, leap-frogging the time-taking travel demand and origin-destination studies that were conventionally used in the transportation sector. The results have been used to develop plans for modern Bus Rapid Transit Systems in cities such as Nairobi and Kampala and have the potential to bring together large numbers of informal transport operators to consider strategies for consolidating and modernizing their operations. Furthermore, Africa can harness the abundant potential of its increasingly cost-competitive renewable energy, pointing to the increasing relevance of electric mobility solutions. Already, power generation and transmission companies in Kenya such as KenGen and Kenya Power are rolling out EV charging stations for example. The need for innovations to address urban mobility challenges highlights the important role that universities and research institutions can play in improving urban mobility. The University of Nairobi, with assistance from UN-Habitat and the GIZ Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative, developed a Mobility Accelerator, a hub for transport and mobility innovations, and positioned itself as a facilitator for the development of new concepts of electric, connected, and shared mobility. One early result following the establishment of the accelerator, for example, has been the development of a prototype of a commercial electric vehicle by an entrepreneur (Auto-Truck Kenya) who was approached to train technicians to convert conventional Internal Combustion Engine tuk-tuks project to electric vehicles operational in Mombasa, and much later in Dar es Salaam, thus showcasing the uptake of new solutions and creation of job opportunities. A graduate of the Ampersand Electric-motorcycle taxi training program 2022 Ampersand Rwanda Under an EU-supported project (SOLUTIONSPlus), UN-Habitat is supporting start-ups in several cities across the world to develop and implement e-mobility solutions that also create jobs along the E-mobility value chain. In Kigali, for example, electric motorcycles are being developed by a startup called Ampersand Rwanda. Simultaneously, women are also being trained to drive electric motorcycle taxis to support their income-generating activities. In Dar-es-Salaam, prototypes of electric three-wheelers have been developed in collaboration with the Dar Rapid Transit Agency, and when deployed, these vehicles will serve as feeders to the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, easing mobility for people for first and last-mile connectivity. These examples not only illustrate how mobility in cities can be improved but also how a new and green industry of manufacturing and operating electric vehicles can be created. Electrification bears some transformative potential as it creates an environment for new business models or conditions to access vehicles, and brings in new stakeholders such as assemblers, manufacturers, clearing and forwarding companies, electric vehicle waste recyclers, charging infrastructure providers, battery swapping partners, and requires new skills and corresponding job positions at various phases of the supply chain: design; production and assembly phase; charging or swapping; maintenance and repairs; software development. As women are getting increasingly economically active in sub-Saharan African countries – there is a sharp increase in the number of households having a female household head from 30% in 1989 to 60% in 2011 (Priya Uteng, et al., 2021), it is becoming vital to ensure that mobility barriers do not stop progress made in advancing equality and empowerment in the workforce. Using the momentum of transitioning to electric vehicles can offer the opportunity to re-think the place and experience of women in transport. Identifying the challenge of the under-representation of women in the transport sector, SOLUTIONSplus partners in Rwanda decided to integrate a strong gender focus in the deployment of supported electric mobility solutions. UN-Habitat, The Urban Electric Mobility Initiative (UEMI), the City of Kigali together with GIZ Rwanda and Ampersand Rwanda jointly implement an electric mobility project to facilitate the inclusion of women as moto-taxi drivers in Kigali. The project, implemented by Ampersand, developed several components to create enabling conditions for selected women: ad-hoc driving training, financial support to access electric motorcycles at a reduced price, analysis of conditions for previous successful gender-inclusive projects, and research to understand barriers faced by women to provide transport services. Ensuring these enabling conditions led to a driving test success rate of 69%, much higher than previous gender-inclusive projects. 24 electric motorcycles were handed over to the women, who joined the moto-taxi industry. Continuous monitoring of their activities and barriers faced by women will enable scaling up gender-inclusive e-mobility efforts in the long run. The SOLUTIONSplus project in Kigali aimed to train a cohort of women to become moto-taxi drivers and equip them with electric motorcycle taxis. This pilot intends to reach a deeper understanding of enabling factors and barriers for women to become transport workers, to be replicated at a wider scale if successful. This demonstration action supports electric last-mile connectivity while providing a partnership framework for institutional cooperation for the uptake of electric mobility among women working in transport, and the electrification of paratransit public transport in an African context. Promoting electric two-wheelers providing feeder services to the public transport system takes the form of electric motorcycle taxis, an electric bike-share system, and electric kick-scooters. This demonstration project in Kigali is further supported with capacity-building activities, peer-to-peer exchange, and site visits, the development of a Mobility-as-a-Service app, urban design proposals, a master plan for e-bus charging in the city, and policy and financial recommendations to scale. An engineer in the Ampersand Workshop. E-mobility offers multiple job opportunities across the Electric Vehicle Value Chain 2022 Ampersand Rwanda The project in Kigali offered some lessons on providing gender-inclusive e-mobility solutions in the paratransit sector in Africa. Below are some key highlights: project implementers who may take the form of start-ups, government, or NGOs need to take the time to understand the respective contexts, especially with a specific focus on how women perceive and interact with the chosen form of mobility or technology, in order to design locally relevant and sustainable initiatives. 2. When carrying out the program or initiative a key focus should be placed in the selection criteria where all partners are aware that small cohorts are best to understand and respond to the specific needs of the women. The environment where the women are carrying out the program activities needs to offer both physical and psychological safety where there are open channels to report any incidences or matters of concern. A key component of increasing the pipeline of women working in the transport sector will include working with stakeholders in the transport sector to come up with structures that will encourage women to be retained within the sector. The graduates of the gender inclusive e-mobility project 2022Ampersand Rwanda In addition to this, it was recognized that creating a community of women working in the transport sector through an Association or a cooperative would provide a place where women in the sector can come up with their own initiatives to address their challenges and successfully engage with industry stakeholders to improve conditions for women working in the sector and also improve conditions for women travelers in the respective city. The final key highlight of this initiative involves disseminating the lessons learned to encourage peer learning among stakeholders in the mobility sector on the topics of gender inclusion, paratransit electrification, and the adoption of electric mobility. While initiating, consolidating, and extending these innovative partnerships there needs to be a healthy measure of trust, patience, and due diligence among all the parties since such partnerships are mostly new and uncharted for the partners involved. Due to the fact that most such partnerships initially start off as pilots, a number of things need to be agreed prior to commencing the project: the purpose of the project, each party’s expectations clearly expectations, the project duration, the respective roles, the expected outcomes, and dispute resolution mechanisms to maintain a positive working relationship during and after the pilot. Finally, on both sides, there needs to be ample optimism and organizational support since the nature of such partnerships are challenging as they involve very different partners with different ways of operating who are co-developing and co-implementing a common project. For global organizations exploring innovative partnerships with start-ups the following 3 principles can guide these collaborations. An intrapreneurial mindset within the organization that encourages proactiveness, innovation, and a willingness to take a cautious amount of risk to pursue a partnership with a dissimilar entity such as a start-up. A collaborative mindset that is open to modifying the approach without changing the purpose of the project in case feedback from the innovative project calls for it. A local approach with a global mindset so as to customize the innovative approach to the respective local context. The handover of e-bikes at the Ampersand Rwanda Offices 2022 Ampersand Rwanda Previous Next

Africa Innovation Network est ravi de participer au forum organisé par Le Grdr et ses partenaires sur les trajectoires des villes du fleuve Sénégal. < Back AIN au forum, quelles trajectoires pour les villes du fleuve Sénégal ? Africa Innovation Network est ravi de participer au forum organisé par Le Grdr et ses partenaires sur les trajectoires des villes du fleuve Sénégal. Africa Innovation Network est ravi de participer au forum organisé par Le Grdr et ses partenaires sur les trajectoires des villes du fleuve Sénégal. Rejoignez-nous du 12 au 14 décembre 2023 à l’hôtel Sindoné à Saint Louis au Sénégal pour explorer l'avenir de Kayes, Kaédi et Bakel. Nous y animerons deux tables rondes pour Plonger dans les enjeux de l'urbanisation ouest-africaine et des villes intermédiaires au Sahel, et Explorez les opportunités des villes intermédiaires de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal. Le Grdr et ses partenaires organisent leur forum « Quelles trajectoires pour les villes du fleuve Sénégal ? Regards sur Kayes, Kaédi et Bakel » , qui se tiendra les 12, 13 et 14 décembre 2023 à l’hôtel Sindoné à Saint Louis au Sénégal. (uniquement sur invitation). Au cœur des échanges : L a Moyenne Vallée du Fleuve Sénégal connaît depuis les années 1970, une croissance démographique soutenue et une urbanisation rapide. Ces petites et moyennes villes, qualifiées de «villes intermédiaires », sont confrontées à des défis majeurs en matière de transformation des territoires et des sociétés dans un contexte de changements climatiques et de de tensions sociales et sécuritaires. En phase de densification et d’urbanisation, elles doivent s’adapter en permanence pour répondre aux besoins des populations. Ce forum a pour but d’ i nformer et communiquer sur les enjeux des villes intermédiaires auprès des acteurs publics, privés et de la société civile ici et là-bas, de valoriser et mettre en lumière les potentialités des villes intermédiaires de la moyenne vallée du fleuve et de co-construire une communauté d’acteurs opérationnels et académiques autour des villes intermédiaires et de leurs enjeux afin de travailler dans une dynamique de recherche - action. Le forum s’organisera entre des temps de débats sous forme de de table ronde, des ateliers de présentation/immersion dans les villes et des présentations d’initiatives qui contribuent à construire la ville et la faire vivre au quotidien. Une soirée spéciale sera également organisée Le vernissage de l ’exposition photographique : Bakel , Kaédi et Kayes : des villes en mouvement sur le fleuve Sénégal (ouverte à tous et toutes, à l’espace Kawsara, quai Roume, île de Saint Louis, du 12 au 26 décembre 2023). Cette exposition a pour ambition de restituer et d’illustrer les dynamiques et mécanismes de la transition urbaine au Sahel tels qu’ils sont ressortis lors de la démarche de diagnostic participatif prospectif mise en œuvre dans le cadre du travail du Grdr. Previous Next

< Back Start Somewhere: Urban Upgrading Through Innovative Architecture And Community Empowerment Kairu Karega, Leandry JIEUTSA, Samson Ontweka Start Somewhere, a social enterprise, has developed the TwistBlocks® system, a LEGO-like, hollow concrete block designed for affordability and simplicity in vulnerable communities. The system, which was developed by architect Oliver von Malm, has been used in Kenya to build schools and community projects. The TwistBlocks® are locally produced, cost-effective, and fire-resistant, reducing construction time and material costs. The project has expanded to include 5 schools in Nairobi’s impoverished regions and several community projects. The primary goal is to establish Start Somewhere Kenya as a leading provider of sustainable construction using TwistBlocks® and develop a scalable and sustainable business model. Start Somewhere has made significant progress in enhancing housing and education in underserved communities since 2020. Key developments include 2 workshops in Kibera, an ultra-affordable prototype for 4-6 bedsitter housing units, 5 additional schools, a school library, and 11 housing units for families displaced by a fire. Around 30 individuals in Kenya and South Africa have secured permanent employment through Start Somewhere’s initiatives. The ongoing use of TwistBlocks® technology contributes to improved living conditions and greater community resilience. Transforming Kibera: Start Somewhere’s TwistBlock Innovation Brings Sustainable Housing and Education Solutions to Africa’s Largest Slum Global One Primary School in Kibera, Nairobi, Source: Start Somewhere, Copyright information: Start Somewhere Kibera, one of Africa’s largest slums, has long embodied the challenges of urban poverty. Inadequate housing, lack of infrastructure, and limited access to essential services have trapped countless residents in a cycle of marginalization. Start Somewhere, a social business, has emerged as a beacon of hope, offering innovative solutions to these pressing issues. Start Somewhere’s journey began in 2011 with the support of two schools, initiated by Oliver von Malm, a German architect passionate about tackling affordable housing challenges in slums. In 2016, Oliver’s master’s thesis led to the development of the groundbreaking TwistBlocks® system – LEGO-like, hollow concrete blocks designed for affordability, simplicity, and ease of use in informal settlements. Oliver´s master thesis caught the attention of PERI, a leading formwork and scaffolding company. Recognizing the potential, PERI collaborated with the newly founded Start Somewhere German social business to further develop the system. The initial focus involved refining the TwistBlocks® system, culminating in the construction of a prototype workshop and a school in Kibera in 2019. Funded by a German government program, this project demonstrated the practicality and impact of the TwistBlocks®, paving the way for establishing Start Somewhere Kenya. Today, Start Somewhere Kenya employs 15 people, primarily production workers from Kibera, working in two factories within the settlement. The project has expanded significantly, resulting in the construction of five schools in Nairobi’s impoverished regions and several community projects utilizing TwistBlocks®. The primary goal now is to establish Start Somewhere Kenya as a leading provider of sustainable construction using TwistBlocks® and develop a scalable business model replicable across Kenya and potentially in other regions facing similar challenges. This evolution reflects Start Somewhere’s unwavering commitment to addressing the housing crisis in slums through innovative and sustainable solutions. The TwistBlocks® are locally produced in small workshops within the community, reducing transportation costs but also generating employment opportunities “TheTwistBlocks® itself is an architectural innovation that allows clients to save on material and time compared to conventional building methods” , Samson Ontweka the technical coordinator at Start Somewhere Kenya explains. These material saving hollow concrete blocks are designed for simplicity and ease of use, allowing for construction without the need for mortar. This method significantly reduces both construction time and material costs, enabling even unskilled community members to participate in building projects. A standout feature of the TwistBlocks® is that they are free in the ground floor plan. This flexibility allows for the maximum utilization of small plots in informal settlements, where space is often extremely limited. This adaptable design enables better customization of living spaces like creating curved walls and making the most out of the available land. The TwistBlocks® are locally produced in small workshops within the community, rather than in large factories. This generates employment opportunities, fostering economic empowerment among local residents. By involving the community in the production process, a sense of ownership and pride is built, further strengthening the community’s involvement in its development. From a cost-saving perspective, the blocks are made from a specialized concrete mix with a low cement content, making them both affordable and environmentally friendly. Their modular design allows for easy assembly and disassembly, which is particularly beneficial in informal settlements where homes may need to be relocated or reconstructed. This feature helps to lower long-term costs and increases housing flexibility and ownership. “Additionally, the TwistBlocks® are fire-resistant, addressing a critical safety concern in densely populated areas like Kibera, where fires are common and can quickly devastate entire neighborhoods. Traditional structures in these areas are often made of flammable materials, so the fire-resistant properties of TwistBlocks® offer a safer alternative, reducing the risk of widespread fire damage and the associated costs of rebuilding.” Samson adds. The TwistBlocks® system not only saves time and money through its straightforward, mortar-free assembly, local production, and cost-effective materials, but also directly addresses the unique challenges of impoverished communities. The flexibility in ground floor planning and fire-resistant properties make it an ideal solution for upgrading informal settlements like Kibera. In Kibera, Start Somewhere constructed 11 housing units for families displaced by a fire, providing them with safe and secure homes Since 2020, Start Somewhere has made significant progress in enhancing housing and education in underserved communities. Key developments include the opening of a new workshop in Kibera and the creation of an ultra-affordable prototype for 4-6 bedsitter housing units. 4-bedsitter prototype development, constructed by Start Somewhere and Global Property Advice for Livelihood Impact Fund, Image: Start Somewhere, Copyright: Start Somewhere Five additional schools and a school library were constructed using TwistBlocks®. Some were built independently by local partners with Start Somewhere’s guidance and technology. Numerous temporary jobs on construction sites were created. Additionally, Start Somewhere provided training and planning for workshops in Ahero (Kisumu) and Cape Town (South Africa). Overall, around 30 individuals in Kenya and South Africa have secured permanent employment through Start Somewhere’s initiatives. The ongoing use of TwistBlocks® technology in various community projects underscores its effectiveness and acceptance, contributing to improved living conditions and greater community resilience. Bethany Joy School in Kawangware, Image: Start Somewhere, Copyright: Start Somewhere Bethel Kibera School, Image: Start Somewhere, Copyright: Start Somewhere Start Somewhere emphasizes community empowerment through a structured Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) process, which ensures active participation from all stakeholders Team Start Somewhere Kenya, Image: Start Somewhere, Copyright: Start Somewhere Samson Ontweka on community involvement explains, “Community involvement is a crucial aspect of our projects. We engage with local stakeholders, including community leaders and unemployed youth, to ensure their active participation and meet their expectations.” He continues to state, “We prioritize accessibility and inclusivity in our projects, including provisions for persons with disabilities. We incorporate features like ramps and accessible washrooms to ensure everyone can benefit from the facilities we build.” Start Somewhere emphasizes community empowerment through a structured Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) process, which ensures active participation from all stakeholders. It begins by identifying and aligning key stakeholders to ensure that everyone shares common goals and responsibilities. Next, they define how stakeholders will collaborate, establishing clear roles and expectations for each party involved. The MOU then details the project’s scope, timeline, and terms, providing a clear framework for collaboration. Additionally, they incorporate flexibility by allowing for amendments and clearly defining project boundaries to adapt as needed. TwistBlock factory in Kibera, Image: Start Somewhere, Copyright: Start Somewhere In addition to involving community leaders, Start Somewhere engages non-skilled workers in the construction process, such as assembling walls, which helps to build local skills and provides employment. Workshops, public meetings, and collaborative sessions enable residents to actively participate in project design and implementation, ensuring the solutions are well-suited to their needs. By integrating community input and providing hands-on roles, Start Somewhere ensures that their projects are not only effective but also deeply connected to the community’s needs and capabilities. Start Somewhere Team, Image: Start Somewhere, Copyright: Start Somewhere Implementing the Start Somewhere project has presented several significant challenges, each addressed through strategic approaches “One of the primary challenges is community involvement. Engaging local residents from the outset is essential but can be difficult. Start Somewhere overcomes this by ensuring active community participation through ongoing dialogue, participatory design processes, and incorporating feedback into every phase of the project. This approach helps align the project with the community’s needs and fosters trust.” explains Samson. Building in informal settlements adds another layer of complexity. Issues such as limited infrastructure, irregular land tenure, and densely packed living spaces require innovative solutions. Start Somewhere addresses these challenges with a highly experienced team skilled in adapting construction techniques to the specific conditions of informal settlements. This expertise ensures that projects are practical, sustainable, and tailored to the unique needs of these environments. Creating a robust ecosystem is essential for success. Developing strong connections with local stakeholders, funding partners, and advocates can be demanding. Start Somewhere emphasizes strategic networking, cultivating relationships, and showcasing the project’s value to potential collaborators to navigate this challenge. Overall, Start Somewhere addresses these challenges through robust community engagement, expert management of informal settlement construction, and building a supportive network. These strategies help ensure the successful implementation and sustainability of their projects. The focus is on developing a sustainable business model for Start Somewhere Kenya, which will serve as a blueprint for scaling the concept rather than expanding the company itself. This model will be integrated within a broader ecosystem of established partners and will include global consultancy, planning services, and lighthouse construction projects with TwistBlocks®. Currently, a factory project is underway in Uganda, and additional opportunities are being explored in other countries. Samson emphasizes, “Our long-term vision is to transform informal settlements into models of sustainable urban development. We aim to provide proper housing conditions, improve educational facilities, and create economic opportunities for the residents. We are actively exploring partnerships and collaborations to expand our model to other slums and regions. Our goal is to offer affordable housing solutions and support sustainable development in low-income areas.” “We are also conducting ongoing research to develop TwistBlocks® using alternative materials like clay and hempcrete, with the aim of further reducing environmental impact and expanding our range of construction options,” he adds. Previous Next

< Back Pedaling for Change: Cycling as a Catalyst for Sustainable Urban Mobility in Africa We delve into the challenges and initiatives surrounding urban mobility in Africa. As the continent experiences rapid urbanization, increasing traffic congestion, air pollution, and road accidents have become critical issues. However, a shift towards sustainable urban mobility is emerging, spearheaded by organizations like Critical Mass Nairobi, advocating for cycling as a viable transportation mode. Cyprine, the Executive Director, emphasizes the importance of infrastructure, policies, and changing cultural perceptions to promote cycling and walking. The lack of supportive policies and infrastructure, negative cultural perceptions of cycling, and gaps in education pose significant challenges. Collaborative efforts between civil societies, government bodies, and international organizations, like the Sustainable Mobility for Africa initiative, aim to address these challenges. Initiatives such as the Kisumu Sustainable Mobility Plan and the Nairobi Bike Train demonstrate innovative solutions, highlighting the importance of community engagement, partnerships, education, and policy support in fostering sustainable urban mobility in Africa. Urban mobility is a critical issue in Africa, where rapid urbanization and population growth have led to increased traffic congestion, air pollution, and road accidents. In 2023, an estimated 60% of Africans are living in urban areas, up from 40% in 2010. By 2050, Africa is expected to be home to 2.5 billion people – many of whom will live in cities where they will increasingly use motorized transport. The number of motor vehicles in Africa is also projected to increase significantly, from 100 million in 2023 to 400 million in 2050. This will lead to even more traffic congestion and air pollution, and will also make it more difficult for people to afford transportation. This unprecedented growth is putting a strain on urban transportation systems, and many African cities are struggling to keep up. However, there is also a growing movement towards sustainable urban mobility, driven by organizations such as Critical Mass Nairobi which is a nonprofit organization that has taken up the challenge of transforming our cities into safe, accessible, and liveable cities by using bicycles. They are a group of cyclists who are passionate about making a difference in their city. They believe that cycling is a sustainable, affordable, and healthy way to get around, and they are working to promote cycling as a viable transportation option in Nairobi. Every last Saturday of the month, Critical Mass Nairobi hosts a group ride through the streets of Nairobi. The rides are a way for cyclists to come together and raise awareness on the benefits of cycling. They are also a way to show motorists and pedestrians that cyclists deserve to share the road. Cyprine, the Executive Director of Critical Mass Nairobi, advocates for more sustainable urban mobility in Africa. “There are other modes of transport other than motorized transport out there that are better, healthier, good for the environment, good for the community and bring the community together,” she says. Additionally, governments and international organizations are increasingly recognizing the importance of sustainable urban mobility and investing in infrastructure and policies to support it. For example, In February 2021 the County Government of Kisumu and City of Kisumu launched the Kisumu Sustainable Mobility Plan (KSMP) . The mobility plan is a ten-year roadmap that aims to foster increased access for city residents by prioritizing walking, cycling, and public transport. Cyprine, who was part of the team that developed and adopted the KSMP, is proud of the work that has been done. She says, “ I am happy I was part of the team that supported the development and adoption of the Kisumu Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan.” Furthermore, the African Development Bank launched the Sustainable Mobility for Africa initiative, which aims to promote sustainable urban mobility across the continent through investments in infrastructure, policies, and capacity building. The initiative has a target of mobilizing $10 billion in investments by 2030. Several key challenges limit the transition toward sustainable mobility in African cities In many African cities, the infrastructure for cycling and walking is either non-existent or poorly maintained, making it difficult and unsafe for people to use these modes of transportation. For example, a 2019 study by the World Bank found that only 10% of African cities have dedicated bike lanes. “If we had better infrastructure, we would have so many bicycles including electric bicycles. This means that people with disabilities or the elderly would have an easier and safer way of moving around. So having good infrastructure goes without saying. Even scooters and other types of soft mobilities all need somewhere to be used, and infrastructure is the biggest barrier to using those modes of transport,” explains Cyprine. The lack of policies and regulations also makes it difficult for businesses and individuals to invest in sustainable transportation options. For example, a 2020 study by the African Development Bank found that only 20% of African countries have policies promoting cycling. Unfortunately, these existing policies remain inadequate in guaranteeing the safety of cyclists, thereby necessitating them to be revised and updated. “We do not have proper policies and laws that demand or advocate for sustainable mobility. Our policies and our laws are very vague when it comes to walking and cycling. So you find that when you try to push for walking and cycling infrastructure in certain places, our policies and laws do not really support us,” Cyprine says. Moreover, In some African cultures, there is a negative perception of cycling and walking. This can make it challenging to encourage people to use these modes of transportation, even when the infrastructure and policies are in place. For example, a 2018 study by the University of Nairobi found that 60% of Kenyans believe that cycling is a mode of transportation for poor people. “A lot of us Africans are brought up to believe that car ownership is the next best thing after you finish school. The yardstick for being successful is being a driver or owning a car. So a lot of us aspire to own cars. So that really has a direct impact on the way we live our lives,and the way our cities are designed, because now when urban planners and engineers go outside, they see more people in cars. But ideally, more people are walking, but because cars occupy a lot of space, it is assumed that we have a lot of cars” Cyprine adds. Cyprine also explains that there is a disparity between education and the reality of sustainable mobility, “When I was in school, we were not taught anything about sustainable mobility or even designing sustainable cities. I’ve also had a chance to look at the Civil Engineering curriculum and it also fails to capture anything on designing sustainable cities or sustainable mobility. So our curriculum is failing us. What the professionals are taught has a very big disconnect with what the reality on the ground is.” NGOs and civil society such as Critical Mass Nairobi have played a crucial role in addressing the challenges of sustainable urban mobility in Africa. “When we started organizing our social rides in 2014, we had barely 10 people, and now every month from 2017 we've been having close to 400 cyclists and over 10 people who are new, so that means it's only getting better and now when you go outside, we have, through the advocacy work that we've been doing, bike lanes that are coming up and being improved, ” says Cyprine. She adds, “We have now gone a step further to map all existing bike lanes in Nairobi and identifying and geolocating each and every barrier there is on those bike lanes. We did this because we want our demands to be backed by facts and data. Having this data will also help us make recommendations to the Government on how best to design cycling infrastructure moving forward.” Government authorities also have a crucial role to play in promoting sustainable urban mobility in Africa. “I really want to thank the Kenyan Urban Roads Authority and the Nairobi City County Government for what they're doing. They're constructing a lot of walkways all over the city. We believe it is only a matter of time before we also start having more bike lanes constructedI can definitely see Nairobi having more people walking and cycling. “ adds Cyprine. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing are essential for driving change in sustainable urban mobility Cyprine emphasizes the importance of partnerships and cross-sectoral collaboration, “We recently did a cross-pollination of critical masses between ourselves, Addis Ababa Abuja, Cape Town, Mombasa, Jinja and Kampala where we brought together all the critical masses in Africa and organized a ride on the World Bicycle Day. It was really good because we were able to share our individual experiences and also empower each other.” Cyprine highlights several innovative solutions for addressing the challenges of sustainable urban mobility in Africa such as their novel project, ‘The Nairobi Bike Train’. The Nairobi Bike Train is pegged on the concept of ‘safety in numbers’. Cyprine and her colleagues realized that there were hundreds of people who only cycled during the monthly rides organized by Critical Mass Nairobi. This meant that they were only cycling once a month. Other than getting people to cycle more as a group, the bike train concept is a way of encouraging people to use the bicycles for commuting. “We looked at the whole of Nairobi, mapped the main traffic corridors, and developed a time schedule and stops for those places. The bike train is meant for different neighborhoods, and people can be picked up along the road at different pick up points which we called ‘Bike-stops’. Today we have 7 successful bike trains with the largest bike train having 247 members,’’ she explains. Additionally, public-private partnerships can leverage the resources and expertise of both sectors to create sustainable mobility solutions. Community engagement is also essential for creating a sense of ownership and empowerment among users of sustainable mobility. Education and training are also critical for promoting sustainable urban mobility in Africa. Cyprine emphasizes the importance of educating people about the benefits of cycling and walking, as well as promoting a positive perception towards the same, “If we start instilling the knowledge that ownership of cars is not the next best thing, we could start making people fall in love with cycling more and walking more and make people understand that just because you are walking or cycling doesn't mean you are a poor man or you're just not able to afford a car.” Finally, policies and infrastructure are essential for creating a sustainable urban mobility ecosystem. Cyprine highlights the need for supportive policies and regulations. “The Government can also look at other incentives such as tax breaks or award system for those who use active mobility Additionally, infrastructure investments are needed to create safe and accessible routes for cycling and walking.” Previous Next